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Definition
| Toward the back, away from the stomach side e.g. the top of the brain b/c it has that position in four-legged animals |
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| Toward the stomach, opposite of dorsal |
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| Toward the side, away from middle |
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| Towards the middle, away from the sides |
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| Close to the point of origin |
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| Located further away from point of origin or attachment |
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| On the same side of the body e.g. two parts on the right |
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| On opposite (CONTRAsting) sides e.g. my two arms |
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| Another word for vertical |
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| Segmented structure, with the spinal cord being CNS and the sensory/motor nerves coming out of it being the PNS |
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Definition
| The entering dorsal roots (bundles of axons) carry sensory info, and the exiting carry motor info |
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Term
| Peripheral Nervous System |
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Definition
| Axons to and from the skin and muscles |
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Definition
| Ganglia (clusters of sensory neurons) neurons outside the spinal cord. |
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| A cluster of neurons (cells), nerve synapses there. These are outside the CNS b/c if it were inside the CNS it would be called the nucleus |
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| A fold or groove that separates one gyrus from another |
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Definition
| A protuberance (ridge) all over the surface of the brain |
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| 3 Main Structures of the brain |
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Definition
| Cerebrum, brain stem (medulla), and cerebellum |
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Definition
| Controls voluntary muscles and all sensory info to the CNS |
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| Sympathetic nervous system |
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Definition
| Prepares the body for fight and flight, expends energy, stimulates body by releasing adrenaline. Accelerated heartbeat, relaxes stomach muscles, dilates the pupils of your eyes. |
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Definition
| Same as anterior/posterior for the purpose of this class |
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Definition
| One of the main components of the brain, mostly neurons and blood vessels. These cells control reflexes. Cell bodies in the center of the spinal cord. |
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| Relax the body: Rest and digest |
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| Biggest part of the brain, controls senses, imagination, and our thoughts |
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| Little brain- Motion, balance, and ability to learn new things (MBA) |
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Definition
| Controls automatic actions (digestion, heartbeat, and breathing) via the cranial nerves. Can be seen as an extension of the spinal cord located in the brain. |
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| Connect brainstem with cerebellum, involves sleep and arousal |
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| Basic body control: medulla, pons, and cerebellum |
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| Controls emotions and activates fight or flight |
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| Pleasure and sex (part of forebrain) |
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| Controls Memory, Emotion, and Motivation. Generally considered sub cortical |
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Definition
| Back of head, visual cortex |
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Definition
| Spatial: somatosensory cortex (located in post-central gyrus), sense of touch and sensation. Lies between occipital and the central suculus |
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Definition
| Hearing and advanced visual processing (3-D), also contains hippocampus |
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Definition
| (Part of PNS) Contains sympathetic and parasympathetic |
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Definition
Under the thalamus, controls the 4 F behaviours and is
connected to the pituitary (conveys messages to it) and the subcortex. |
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Term
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Definition
| Looks like 2 avocados side by side, relays sensory info (except for olfactory info) to cortex and motor info FROM cortex |
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Definition
| Ascending and descending pathways, mostly fat, arranged in dorsal tracts and ventral tracts |
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Definition
| Input/output of head and shoulders. Nerves that emerge directly from the brain (as opposed to from segments of the spinal cords). Control sensations from the head, muscle movements, etc. 12 of them (olfactory, optic, etc.) |
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Term
| Statoacoustic (type of cranial nerve) |
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Definition
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| Vagus (type of cranial nerve) |
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Definition
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Definition
| Orientation to sight and sound, its on the "roof" of the midbrain. Composed of superior (vision) and inferior (hearing) colliculi |
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| Tegmentum (floor of midbrain) |
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Definition
| Motor, coordination of limb movements. Has dopamine cells for movement and reward, has substantia niagra |
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Definition
| Controlled by cortex, controls brainstem. This includes everything under cortex, but above the brainstem. Limbic system, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and basal ganglia. |
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Definition
| Bundle of axons that connects the 2 hemispheres and provides communication between them |
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Definition
| Thalamus and hypothalamus |
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Term
| Superior Colliculus (part of midbrain) |
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Definition
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| Inferior Colliculus (part of midbrain) |
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Definition
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Definition
| Holds nuclei of the cranial nerves and is the major "highway" connecting spinal cord, cerebellum, and cerebrum. Composed of diencephalon (debatable), midbrain, pons, and medulla. |
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Definition
| Subcortical sensory and motor orientation to world |
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Definition
| Voluntary motor control e.g. impaired basal ganglia is parkinson's disease |
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Definition
| Hypothalamus, which controls the pituitary, which controls hormones (system of glands) |
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Definition
| Master gland that controls the rest of glands in the body |
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Definition
| Connects hippocampus to brainstem |
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Definition
| A set of cells perpendicular to the surface of the cortex with similar properties |
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Definition
| Thin lining on the brain (most tender) |
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| Archnoid Layer (meninges) |
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Definition
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| P A D: Pia mater, arachnoid layer, and dura mater. |
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| Primary motor cortex located here in the frontal lobe. Specialized for fine movements (moving one finger at a time). |
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Definition
| Divides frontal / parietal lobes and precentral/postcentral gyri |
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| Topographical Organization |
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Definition
| Each part of the body is represented by a part of the cortex |
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Definition
| Primary somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobe |
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Definition
| Voluntary motor control (midbrain) |
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Definition
| Thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary, basal ganglia, and hippocampus |
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Definition
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| Ventral fibers in spinal cord carry |
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Definition
| Info from spinal cord to muscles |
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| Dorsal fibers in spinal cord carry |
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Definition
| info from body to spinal cord |
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Definition
| Structural based on distribution of water |
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Definition
| Structural, x-ray density |
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Definition
| Functional, track radioactive substance put in blood |
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Definition
| Damage to one part of the brain |
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Definition
| detects a change in hemoglobin (blood) as it releases oxygen, and shows activity at different points in time |
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Term
| How are cells selected to survive? |
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Definition
| Release of NGF onto post synaptic cell, which via retrograde transport sends it back to the soma, stopping apoptosis. |
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Term
| NGF (nerve growth factor) |
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Definition
| Instructs cells not to suicide, promotes survival |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How do neurons find their way to appropriate targets? |
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Definition
| Chemical Pathfinding (chemical gradients in the tectum) |
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Term
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Definition
| Connections from on structure to another, relative to other parts, in an ordered manner. |
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Definition
| Longer lasting but slower transmitter, works via 2nd messenger |
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Definition
| Ion channels opened by NT, quick and fast |
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Definition
| Source of ach to forebrain, important for memory |
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