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| bending moment in a member such that tension stresses are produced in the top portions of the member; typically occurs in continuous beams and spans over the intermediate supports |
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| negative moment reinforcing |
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| reinforcing placed in the top or a concrete beam instead of the bottom due to a shift from typical moment to negative moment. |
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| The maximum stress that can be applied to a metal without producing permanent deformation. When external forces act upon a material they tend to form internal stresses within it which cause deformation. If the stresses are not too great the material will return to its original shape and dimension when the external stress is removed. |
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| The amount by which a material fails to return to its original dimensions after being deformed by an applied force or load. |
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| deformation of a material undergoing non-reversible changes of shape in response to applied forces |
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| the deformation of a section of a beam where plastic bending occurs, the hinge occurs at the plastic moment. |
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| the moment when an abrupt transition from elastic to ideally plastic behavior occurs at a certain value of moment(rotation) |
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| a structure that is no longer stable due to the formation of a plastic hinge. |
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| frame that is able to form without collapse |
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| moment infixed beam due to change in uneven geometry |
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