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Stroke
Exam 2
69
Nursing
Undergraduate 3
10/09/2018

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Term
TIA
Definition
Brief interruption in cerebral blood flow
Term
TIA sx resolve
Definition
Generally in 30-60 minutes
Term
Focus of care for PT with TIA
Definition
Decreasing BP, adjusting drugs.
Aspirin/antiplatelets (bleed risk)
Controlling BG levels (100-180)
Promoting lifestyle changes
Term
Stroke
Definition
interruption of perfusion to any part of the brain.

Medical emergency
Term
Ischemic stroke
Definition
Caused by blockage of cerebral artery by either a thrombus or embolus.
Term
Thrombus
Definition
Clott
Term
Embolus
Definition
Dislodged clott
Term
Thrombolytic stroke associated with
Definition
Atheoscloresis
Term
Thrombolytic stroke patho
Definition
Fatty plaques accumulate on artery walls, rupture, which promotes clot formation. When clot is large enough blood flow is blocked
Term
Common location of thrombolytic stroke
Definition
Bifurcation of common carotid artery with vertebral arteries
Term
Onset of thrombolytic stroke
Definition
SLOW, minutes to hours
Term
Embolic stroke common site
Definition
Middle cerebral artery
Term
Embolic stroke sxs resolve....
Definition
over several hours/days.

Clot may break into smaller segments and be absorbed.
Term
Hemorrhagic stroke
Definition
Vessel integrity is interrupted = bleeding in brain
Term
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) caused by
Definition
Usually caused by a ruptured aneurysm or arteriovenus malformation (AVM)
Term
Aneurysm
Definition
Abnormal ballooning or blister along an artery. Develops in weak spot
Term
AVM Arteriovenus malformation
Definition
Abnormality that occurs during embryonic development. Tangled collection of malformed, thin walled, dilated vessels without a capillary network.

More pressure. Rupture easily.
Term
Vasospasm
Definition
Sudden periodic constriction of cerebral artery. Reduces perfusion
Term
Subarachnoid hemorrhage most commonly report
Definition
SEVERE headaches
Term
Most important item to assess after stroke
Definition
LOC
Term
5 most common sx
Definition
Sudden confusion, trouble speaking, understanding others.
Sudden numbness or weakness of face or arms and legs.
Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes.
Sudden dizziness, trouble walking or loss of ballance or coordination.
Sudden severe HA without a known cause.
Term
Right hemisphere involved wiht
Definition
visual, spatial awareness and proprioception
Term
Left hemisphere involved with
Definition
Language, math skills and analytic thinking
Term
Right hemisphere stroke sx
Definition
Unaware of defecits
Disoriented to time/place
Poor impulse control, poor judgement.
Term
Left hemisphere stroke sx
Definition
Aphagia
Alexia or dyslexia
Acalculia
Term
Aphasia
Definition
Lack of language comprehension
Term
Alexia
Definition
Inability to read
Term
Acalculia
Definition
Inability to perform math calculations
Term
Apraxia
Definition
Inability to perform learned tasks
Term
Unilateral body neglect syndrome
Definition
Unaware of existence of paralyzed side of body.

May eat from one side of the plate.
Term
Ptosis
Definition
Drooping eyelid
Term
Amayrosis fugax
Definition
Temporary loss of vision in one or both eyes
Term
Agnosia
Definition
Inability to identify objects or people
Term
Hemianopsia
Definition
Blindness in 1/2 of the visual field. Results from damage to the optic tract or occipital lobe
Term
Homonymous hemianopsia
Definition
Blindess in the same side of both eyes

Must turn head to scan complete visual field
Term
Nystagmus is seen in PTS with
Definition
Brainstem or cerebellar damage
Term
Emotional lability seen in PTS with
Definition
Frontal lobe damage
Term
Labs elevated with stroke
Definition
HMG/HCT
WBC (stress or infection)
Cardiac enzymes
Term
Most important test for dx
Definition
brain imaging.

CT without contrast
Term
MRI detects....
Definition
Ischemic brain injury earlier than CT
Term
Planning for ischemic stroke
Definition
Start 2 IVs with non dextrose NS
Supine position with low bed elevation (maximize perfusion)
Treat/assess for increased ICP
Administer fibrolytic
Term
Fibrinolytic therapy...
Definition
Activates plasminogen to degrade clot increasing blood flow to brain.
Term
Dosage for fibrinolytic tx
Definition
based on wt
Term
Fibrinolytic tx is not for
Definition
>80 yrs
INR < 1.7
Health stroke scale > 25
Hx of both stroke and DM
Term
Mechanical embolectomy
Definition
Clot removal
Term
Intra-arterial thrombolys
Definition
Delivers agent directly to clot
Term
Carotid artery angioplasty with stenting
Definition
Used to prevent and manage ischemic stroke
Radiology procedure performed under moderate sedation
Term
Hyperfusion syndrome is
Definition
Complication of endovascular treatments.
Term
Hyperfusion syndrome SX
Definition
HTN, seizure, focal neurological defecits.
Term
Hyperfusion syndrome is associated with
Definition
intracranial hemorrhage
Term
Hyperfusion syndrome may occur.....
Definition
1 hour to 1 week post op
Term
Highest risk for increased ICP from edema ?? hours after stroke....
Definition
72 hours
Term
HOB elevation for stroke pts
Definition
<25 increased perfusion to damaged brain
>30 degrees will increase o2 and decrease aspiration risk
Term
Post op head position?
Definition
Midline-neutral to help promote Venus drainage from brain.
Term
Post op: avoid...
Definition
Sudden acute neck or hip flexion during positioning.
Clustering nursing procedures
Noisy environment
Term
What to monitor for with PTS with AVM/aneurysm
Definition
Vasospasm
Hydrocephalus
Cerebral edema

Rebleeding is common
Hyper/Hypoglycemia are associated with a new brain bleed.
Term
Interventions for maintaining mobility
Definition
Rehab ASAP
DVT/PE risk - teach care
Term
Expressive aphasia aka
Definition
Brocas
Term
Expressive aphasia
Definition
Damage to frontal lobe causes an understanding but lack of ability to communicate. May be able to write
Term
Receptive aphasia aka
Definition
wernickes
Term
Receptive aphasia
Definition
Temporal/parietal damage cause a lack of understanding of spoken/written language. Can talk but neoloism’s common.
Term
Neoloism’s?
Definition
Made up words
Term
Communication tips for stroke pts
Definition
One idea or thought in a sentence
Use one step commands
Speak slowly, not loudly and use gestures
Alternate methods of communication may be needed.
Term
Sensory changes for RH stroke
Definition
Difficulty with depth and distance perception
Difficulty discriminating left/right and up and down
Term
How to assist RH stroke with sensory perception changes?
Definition
Approach from unaffected side.
Assist with ADL’s, remove clutter from floor.
Mirrors will help visualize more field
Term
LH stroke sensory changes:
Definition
memory problems
Apraxia
Shows slow/cautious behaviors
Term
How to assist LH stroke PT with sensory changes
Definition
Reorient
Routine
Step by step instructions
Term
Apraxia
Definition
Inability to perform previously learned skills
Term
TPA administered
Definition
Parentally ONLY
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