Term
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Definition
| "he ability to move freely, without restriction. Is the ability to move a single joint or series of joints smoothly and easily through unrestricted, pain-free ROM" |
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Term
| What will determine flexibility? |
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Definition
| Muscle length in conjunction with joint integrity and the extensibility of periarticular soft tissues. |
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Term
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Definition
| "Also referred to as active mobility or active ROM, is the degree which an active muscle contraction moves a body segment through the available ROM of a joint." |
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Term
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Definition
| "Referred to as passive mobility or passive ROM, is the degree which a joint can be passively moved through available ROM and is dependent on the extensibility of muscles and connective tissues that cross and surround the joint." |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to decreased mobility or restricted motion. |
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Term
| Factors that may lead to hypomobility |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Is the ability of the body or body segements to move or be moved through its functional ROM (range of motion during functional activities). |
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Term
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Definition
| "Adaptive shortening of the muscle-tendon unit and other soft tissues that cross and surround a joint that results in significant resistance to passive or active stretch and limitation of ROM, and it may compromise functional abilities." |
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Term
| How are contractures identified? |
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Definition
| "Identified by the action of the shortened muscle. If a patient has shortened elbow flexors and cannot fully extend elbow, he or she is said to have an elbow flexion contracture." |
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Term
| What are some indications for stretching? |
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Definition
| "-ROM is limited because soft tissues have lost their extensibility as the result of adhesions, contractures, and scar formation, causing functional limitations or disabilities" |
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Term
| Contraindications for Stretching? |
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Definition
| -Bony block limits jt motion |
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Term
| Stretching and mobilization |
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Definition
| any therapeutic maneuver that increases the extensibility of restricted soft tissues and consequently increase ROM and flexibility |
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Term
| Interventions used to increase soft tissue mobility? |
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Definition
| Manual or mechanical/passive or assisted stretching |
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Term
| Manual or Mechanical/Passive or Assisted Stretching |
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Definition
| "A sustained or intermittent external, end range stretch force, applied with overpressue and by manual contact or mechanical device, elongates a shortened muscle-tendon unit and periarticular connective tissues by moving a restricted joint just past available ROM." |
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Term
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Definition
| Any stretching exercise that is carried out independently by a patient after instruction and supervision by a therapist. |
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Term
| Neuromuscular Facilitation and Inhibition Techniques |
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Definition
| Are claimed to relax tension in shortened muscles reflexively prior to or during muscle elongation. PNF |
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Term
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Definition
| Are manipulative procedures designed to lengthen muscle and fascia and to mobilize joints. |
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Term
| Joint Mobilization/Manipulation |
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Definition
| Are manual therapy techniques specifically applied to joint structures and are used to stretch capsular restrictions or reposition a suluxed or dislocated joint. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process whereby the overall function of a patient may be improved by applying stretching techniques selectively to some muscles and joints but allowing limitation of motion to develop in other muscles or joints. |
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Term
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Definition
| "A stretch well beyond the normal length of muscle and ROM of a joint and the surrounding soft tissues, resulting in hypermobility which can lead to instability." |
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Term
| Determinants of stretching |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Positioning a limb or the body such that the stretch force is directed to the appropriate muscle group |
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Term
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Definition
| Fixation of one site of attachment of the muscle as the stretch force is applied to the other bony attachment |
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Term
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Definition
| Magnitude of the stretch force applied |
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Term
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Definition
| Length of time the stretch force is applied during a stretch cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| Speed of initial application of the stretch force |
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Term
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Definition
| Number of stretching session per day or per week |
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Term
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Definition
| "Form or manner in which the stretch force is applied (static, ballistic, cyclic); degree of patient participation (passive, assited, active); or the source of the stretch force (manual, mechanical, self)." |
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Term
| Is low or high intensity stretching better for improvement in ROM? |
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Definition
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Term
| Examples of long-duration stretch |
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Definition
| "Static, sustained, maintained, and prolonged" |
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Term
| Examples of short-duration stretch |
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Definition
| "Cyclic, intermittent, or ballistic" |
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Term
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Definition
| is commonly used method of stretching in which soft tissues are elongated just past the point of tissue resistance and then held in the lengthened position with a sustained stretch force over a period of time. |
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Term
| What is the safest form of stretch |
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Definition
| "Low-intensity (low-load), long-duration b/c it yields the most significant, elastic deformation and long term, plastic changes in soft tissues." |
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Term
| Cyclic (intermittent) Stretching |
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Definition
| "A relatively short-duration stretch force that is repeatedly but gradually applied, released, and then reapplied. With cyclic stretching the end-range stretch force is applied at slow velocity, in a controlled manner, and at relatively low intensity." |
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Term
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Definition
| "To ensure optimal muscle relaxation and prevent injury to tissues, the speed of the stretch should be slow. The stretch force should be applied and released gradually. A slowly applied stretch is less likely to increase tensile stresses on connective tissues or to activate the stretch reflex and increase tension in the contractile structures of the muscle being stretched." |
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Term
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Definition
| "A rapid, forceful intermittent stretch-that is, a high-speed and high-intensity stretch. It is characterized by the use of quick, bouncing movements that create momentum to carry the body segment through the ROM to stretch shortened structures." |
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Term
| Contraindications of stretching |
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Definition
Presence of a bony block
When it interferes with fracture healing
Inflammation or infection
Sharp pain with elonation
hematoma
when contractures provide stability
When contractures increase function |
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Term
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Definition
| Do not force beyond normal range Protect newly united fractures Osteoporosis Age related changes immobilization balance flexibility and strength pain lasting longer than 24hrs edema overstretching weak muscles |
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Term
| Indications of stretching |
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Definition
| When ROM is limited leading to soft tissue shortening When ROM is limited and could cause deformities When ROM limitation interferes with function or nursing care When ROM limitation promotes muscle weakness |
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Term
| Describe the stress strain curve |
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Definition
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Term
| What are muscle spindles? |
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Definition
| Muscle spindles are sensory receptors within the belly of a muscle which primarily detect changes in the length of this muscle |
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Term
| What are golgi tendon organs? |
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Definition
| proprioceptor that provides information about changes in muscle tension |
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