Term
| define muscular strength (2) |
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Definition
| maximal contractile force, ability to hold a position or control a body sgement as it moves into and out of a position against gravity or with added resistance |
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Term
| define muscular endurance (2) |
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Definition
| ability of mm to perform work over time and assumes some component of muscular strength. the ability to sustain static or repetitive muscle contraction for long periods of time |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to release maximal muscular force within a specified time |
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Term
| children need strength to promote (2) |
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Definition
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Term
| children need strength to promote development of (3) |
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Definition
| cognitive, psychological, and physical |
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Term
| children need strength to promote fitness (3) |
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Definition
| endurance, flexibility, joint integrity |
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Term
| MMT may not be able to ID strength issues until there is what? |
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Definition
| a greater than 50% deficit |
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Term
| Issues with MMT: children under the mental age of 5 |
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Definition
| may not understand the concept of resistance (holding) |
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Term
| Issues with MMT: the examiner |
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Definition
| must know normal movement patterns against gravity |
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Term
| Issues with MMT: factors that may affect testing results(2) |
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Definition
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Term
| how SHOULD strength be graded in pediatrics |
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Definition
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Term
| grading system for strength in pediatrics from best to wrost |
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Definition
| normal, good, fair, poor, trace, zero |
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Term
| Grading Strength in Pedatrics: Normal/Good |
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Definition
| child can hold briefly against resistance as expected for age. able to move through full ROM against the resistance of a small weight placed on the extremity |
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Term
| Grading Strength in Pedatrics: fair |
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Definition
| ability of the mm/mm group to move a segement through a complete ROM against gravity (vertical movement) |
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Term
| Grading Strength in Pedatrics: poor |
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Definition
| complete horizontal movement (gravity lessened) or a partial movement in the vertical plane |
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Term
| Grading Strength in Pedatrics: trace |
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Definition
| slight contraction (felt through palpation) w/o joint movement |
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Term
| Grading Strength in Pedatrics: zero |
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Definition
| no detectable contraction |
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Term
| Grading Strength in Pedatrics: functional |
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Definition
| normal for age or only slight delay. can accomplish age appropriate activity |
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Term
| Grading Strength in Pedatrics: weak functional |
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Definition
| moderate impairment or delay that affects activity pattern, BoS, or control against gravity, or decreases exploration |
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Term
| Grading Strength in Pedatrics: non-functional |
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Definition
| severe impairment or delay; activity pattern has only elements of correct muscular activity |
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Term
| Grading Strength in Pedatrics: no function |
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Definition
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Term
| Grading Strength in Pedatrics: alternative method not based on function or strength |
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Definition
| characterization of weakness |
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Term
| Grading Strength in Pedatrics: characterization of the weakness is an alternative method which is categorized how? |
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Definition
| minimal, mild, moderate, or severe |
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Term
| Grading Strength in Pedatrics: which system has the best intra-rater reliability? |
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Definition
| characterization of weakness |
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Term
| documentation of strength deficits must include what? |
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Definition
| what the child cannot do functionally |
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Term
| What must be considered prior to testing of strength in pediatrics? |
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Definition
| effects of gravity, positioning |
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Term
| Documenting strength: The PT should observe what (7) |
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Definition
| spontaneous movements, functional activities, play, symmetry, coordination, smoothness in performance, effort, muscle power/relationships |
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Term
| Documenting strength: in observing effort what must first be considered? |
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Definition
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Term
| Documenting strength: observation of muscle power can be demonstrated by what (5) |
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Definition
| isometric, isotonic, eccentric, concentric control. agonist/antagonist relationship |
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Term
| Documenting strength: Most important observation regardless of what is being tested? |
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Definition
| what can the child do in their natural environment |
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Term
| Documenting strength: ask teh parents about what? |
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Definition
| what motivates/frustrates the child |
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Term
| movement can refer to what (2) |
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Definition
| both posture and movement |
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Term
| muscle groups being tested in quadruped |
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Definition
| head extensors, shoulder girdle, core, hips etc |
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Term
| muscles being tested in horizontal suspension |
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Definition
| all antigravity extensors |
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Term
| antigravity extension progression from birth to 8 years old |
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Definition
| raise head, extension with support at hips, airplane position |
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Term
| hip and knee extension progression |
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Definition
| maintain kneeling, squat and stand without falling |
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Term
| what does hypotonicity feel like for the pt? |
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Definition
| great effort to move agianst gravity. limbs feel heavy |
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Term
| clinical examples of hypotonicity |
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Definition
| global delay, down syndrome |
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Term
| a strengthening program for hypertonicity should include what? |
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Definition
| lengthen before you strengthen |
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Term
| pt's with spina bifida have weakness d/t what? |
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Definition
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Term
| important distinction in assessment of remaining muscle function for spina bifida patients |
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Definition
| reflexive versus voltional movement |
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Term
| spina bifida pt's should strengthen muscle groups which would assist with what? |
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Definition
| efficiency with transfers, mobility, and potential ambulation |
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Term
| spina bifida patients should work on what muscle groups for using AD's (2) |
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Definition
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Term
| weakness from DMD is d/t what |
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Definition
| neuromuscular deterioriation |
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Term
| purpose of the DMD assessment (2) |
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Definition
| assessing progression of the disease, reliable and sensitive to changes in strength |
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Term
| parent education for DMD should include what |
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Definition
| explaning pseduo-hypertrophy |
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Term
| test to predict termination of walking in DMD |
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Definition
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Term
| the siegel method to predict termination of walking states that what value is a good indicator for loss of independent ambulation within months? |
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Definition
| combined lag of hip and knee extension of greater than 90 degrees |
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Term
| the siegel method tests what simply? |
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Definition
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Term
| the gower's maneuver is common to what diagnosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does the gower's maneuver indicate? |
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Definition
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Term
| purpose of strengthening/conditioning programs for DMD (2) |
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Definition
| slow progression of deterioration, maintain ability for everyday tasks |
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Term
| purpose of strengthening/conditioning programs for DMD (2) |
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Definition
| slow progression of deterioration, maintain ability for everyday tasks |
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Term
| JIA: weakness is due to what? |
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Definition
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Term
| JIA: how should strength be tested? |
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Definition
| isometric contractions at multiple angles |
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Term
| JIA: when can dynamic testing (through the range be done) |
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Definition
| absence of inflammation or joint damage |
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Term
| JIA: MMT results can be affected by (6) |
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Definition
| ROM limitations and stiffness, pain, deformity, anemia, specific mm atrophy, generalized chronic weakness |
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Term
| JIA: if testing MMT what behaviors should be observed for? |
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Definition
| guarding, rubbing, bracing, splinting |
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Term
| JIA: when should testing be done? |
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Definition
| at onset of disease/dx and tested periodically to monitor changes |
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Term
| JIA: how should endurance strength testing be done? |
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Definition
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Term
| JIA: important note about testing/exercise programs |
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Definition
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Term
| JIA: what type of testing should be done? (2) |
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Definition
| functional muscle groups, antigravity muscle groups |
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Term
| JIA: this needs to be measured for symmetry |
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Definition
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Term
| JIA: when should the PT focus on strengthening and increasing ROM |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| CP: transitioning form childhood to adolescent goal |
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Definition
| maintain ability to ambulate through maximal strength and aerobic functioning |
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Term
| CP: why can ambulation become difficult when transitioning from child to adolescence |
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Definition
| increase in body mass, muscle mass, height without an increase in strength |
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Term
| CP: the program must have what? |
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Definition
| intensity beyond habitual or routine exercise or PE class |
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Term
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Definition
| fitness (strengthening, aerobic, ROM) |
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Term
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Definition
| task-specific (gait-training, stair training) |
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