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Storage
From Discovering Computers 2012 Shelly/Vermaat Chapter 7
53
Computer Science
Undergraduate 1
07/13/2013

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Term
storage
Definition
holds data, instructions / info for future use
Term
storage medium (media for plural)
Definition
the physical material a computer keeps data, instructions / info on
Term
capacity
Definition
the number of bytes a storage medium can hold
Term
storage device
Definition
the computer hardware that records and/or retrieves items to and from storage media
Term
reading
Definition
the process of transferring items from a storage medium to memory
Term
writing
Definition
the process of transferring items from memory to a storage medium
Term
access time
Definition
measures the time it takes a storage device to locate an item on a storage medium and the time required to deliver an item from memory to the processor
Term
common storage devices in order of slowest-fasterst transfer rates
Definition
tape, optical disk, USB flash drives/memory cards, hard disk, memory (most RAM)
Term
transfer rates
Definition
the speed data, instructions / info transfer to/from a device
Term
hard disk or hard disk drive
Definition
contains one or more inflexible, circular platters that use magnetic particles to store data, instructions, and information
Term
how a hard disk works
Definition
circuit board controls movement of head actuator/ a motor that spins the platters then software requests disk access and the read/write heads locate the data then the head actuator positions the read/write arms over the location on the platter to read/write the requested data
Term
longitudinal recording
Definition
hard disk recording that aligns the magnetic particles horizontally on the disk surface
Term
perpindicular recording
Definition
hard disk recording that aligns the magnetic particles vetically to the disk surface
Term
formatting
Definition
the process of dividing the disk into tracks and sectors so that the operating system can store and locate data and information on the disk
Term
head crash
Definition
occurs when a read/write head touches the surface of a platter
Term
platter
Definition
made of aluminum, glass or ceramic and coated w/ alloy material that allows items to be recorded magnetically on surface
Term
track
Definition
a narrow roecording band that forms a full circle on disk surface
Term
sectors
Definition
pie-shaped sections in the disk's storage locations that break tracks into small arcs
Term
cluster
Definition
the smallest unit of disk space that stores data/info
Term
allocation unit
Definition
another term for cluster
Term
read/write head
Definition
the mechanism that reads/writes items in the drive by barely touching the disk's recording surface
Term
cylinder
Definition
the vertical section of a track that passes through platters
Term
disk cache
Definition
consists of memory chip(s)on hard disk that stores frequently accessed items
Term
density
Definition
the number of bits in an area on a storage medium
Term
controller
Definition
special purpose chip on hard disk that receives requests from the processor
Term
what does RAID stand for
Definition
redundant array of independent disks
Term
redundant array of independent disks
Definition
a group of two or more integrated hard disks
Term
what does NAS stand for
Definition
network attached storage
Term
network attached storage
Definition
a device that is server connected to a network w/ sole purpose of providing storage
Term
external hard disk
Definition
freestanding hard disk that connects to the system unit w/a cable via a port or wirelessly
Term
removable hard disk
Definition
can be inserted/removed from a drive
Term
what does SATA stand for
Definition
serial advanced technology attachmnet
Term
serial advanced technology attachmnet
Definition
uses serial signals to transfer data/info using thin,flexible cables that resist interference
Term
what does EIDE stand for
Definition
enhanced integrated drive electronics
Term
enhanced integrated drive electronics
Definition
hard disk interface using parallel signals to transfer data/info
Term
solid state media
Definition
consist entirely of electronic components like integrated circuits and contain no moving parts
Term
what does SSD stand for
Definition
solid state drive
Term
solid state drive
Definition
a storage device that uses flash memory to store data/info
Term
what are the benefits of SSD's
Definition
faster access time/transfer rates, generates less heat/consume less power, last longer
Term
cloud storage
Definition
an Internet service that provides storage to computer users
Term
optical disc
Definition
flat, round, portable disc of metal, plastic/lacquer written/read by a laser
Read only vs. rewritable
Term
CD-ROM
Definition
read from no write to
Term
CD-R
Definition
read/write but no erase
Term
CD-RW
Definition
read/write/erase
Term
LightScribe technology
Definition
works w/specially coated optical discs to etch labels directly on discs instead of using an adhesive label
Term
DVD-ROM
Definition
read only no wirte/erase
Term
DVD-RW, DVD+RW, DVD+RAM
Definition
rewrittable, high-capacity DVD formats
Term
tape
Definition
magnetically coated ribbon of plastic capable of storing large amounts of data and information
Term
tape drive
Definition
reads and writes data and information on a tape
Term
magnetic stripe card
Definition
contains a magnetic stripe that stores information
Term
smart card
Definition
stores data on a thin microprocessor embedded in the card
Term
microfilm/microfiche
Definition
store microscopic images of documents on a roll or sheet film
Term
archive disc
Definition
store photos from online photo center in jpg format w/ max res of 7200 pixels per photo
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