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| Relationships in which people live together with committment, form an economic unit, care for any young, and consider their identity to be significantly attached to the group. |
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| a social network of people based on common ancestry, marriage, or adoption |
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| The family into which a person is born and in which early socialization usually takes place. |
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| The family that a person forms by having or adopting children |
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| A family composed of one or two parents and their dependent children, all of whom live apart from other relatives. |
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| A legally recognized and/or socially approved arrangement between two or more individuals that carries certain rights and obligations and usually involves sexual activity |
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| A marriage between two partners, usually a woman and a man |
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| The concurrent marrige of a person of one sex with two or more members of the opposite sex |
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| The concurrent marriage of one man with two or more women |
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| The concurrent marriage of one woman with two or more men (RARE) |
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| a system of tracing descent through the father's side of the family |
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| A system of tracing descent through the mother's side of the family |
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| A system of tracing descent through both the mother's and the father's sides of the family. |
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| A family structure in which authority is held by the eldest male (usually the father) |
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| A family structure in which authority is held by the eldest female (usually the mother) |
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| A family structure in which both partners share power and authority equally |
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| A situation in which two people live together, and think of themselves as a couple, without being legally married |
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| Household partnerships in which an unmarried couple lives together in a committed, sexually intimate relationship and is granted the same rights and benefits as those accorded to married heterosexual couples |
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| The pattern of individuals marrying those who have similar characteristics, such as race/ethnicity, religious background, age, education, or social class |
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| Refers to a deep emotion, the satisfaction of significant needs, a caring for and acceptance of the person we love, and involvement in an intimate relationship |
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| Arlie Hochschild's term for the domestic work that employed women perform at home after they complete their workday on the job |
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| Condition of not being able to conceive a child after 12 months of unprotected sex |
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| 43% of FIRST marriages end in separation or divorce; 50% of ALL marriages end in divorce |
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| Factors associated witih Divorce |
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Definition
MACRO--Change in gender roles: women are moving into the work force; it's more accepted in today's society
MICRO--personal interest, no-fault divorce (just not in love anymore) |
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| Most divorced persons get married again, resulting in blended families |
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| Half-siblings, step-siblings, and step parents |
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| any intentional act or series of acts-whether physical, emotional, or sexual-that causes injury to a famale or male spouse (also includes cohabitators and members of serious relationships and exes) |
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| Any act or series of acts-whether physical, emotional, or sexual-that causes injury to a child (especially by a parent or close family relative) |
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| The state of being unmarried |
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-There are more now than ever before
-Single mother families predominate (Disneyland Daddies) |
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Often considered "single parents"
More likely to lose custody of a child |
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| Many elders are being abused at around age 75 and over by their sons |
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Definition
| the social institution responsible for the systematic transmission of knowledge, skills, and cultural values within a formally organized structure. |
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| Manifest Functions of Education |
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Definition
(open, stated, and intended goals or consequences)
1. Socialization 2. Transmission of culture 3. Social Control 4. Social placement 5. Change and innovation |
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(hidden, unstated, and sometimes unintended consequences)
1. Matchmaking and the production of social networks 2. Restricting some activities 3. Creating a generation gap |
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Term
| Conflict Perspective on Education |
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Definition
| A theory which argues that schools often perpetuate class, racial-ethnic, and gender inequalities as some groups seek to maintain their privileged position at the expense of others |
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| Functionalist Perspective on Education |
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Definition
| A theory that views education as one of the most important components of society |
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Definition
| The assignment of students to specific curriculum groups and courses on the basis of their test scores, previous grades, or both |
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| Social Inequality as a Result of Tracking |
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Definition
| It extracts a serious toll from the students who are labeled as "underachievers" or "slow learners." Race, class, language, gender, and many other categories may determine the placement of children in these systems |
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Definition
| the transmission of cultural values and attitudes, such as conformity and obedience to authority, through implied demands found in rules, routines, and regulations of schools |
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| a process of social selection in which class advantage and social status are linked to the possession of academic qualifications |
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| Symbolic Interactionist Perspectives on Education |
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Definition
| A theory with a focus on classroom communication patterns and educational practices, such as labeling, that affect students' self-concept and aspirations |
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| An unsubstantiated belief or prediction resulting in behavior that makes the originally false belief come true |
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| The process whereby a person is identified by others as possessing a specific characteristic or exhibiting a certain pattern of behavior |
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Definition
| Unequal funding, violence, drop-out rates, and segregation |
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Definition
| A social institution composed of a unified system of beliefs, symbols, and rituals, based on some sacred or supernatural realm, that guides human behavior, gives meaning to life, and unites believers into a community |
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| He suggested that religion is a cultural universal found in all societies because it meets basic human needs and serves important societal functions. (sacred and profane, rituals) |
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| The process by which religious beliefs, practices, and institutions lose their significance in sectors of society and culture |
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| aspects of life that are extraordinary or supernatural |
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| the everyday, secular, or "worldly" aspects of life |
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| symbolic actions that represent religious meanings |
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| Religious teachings and practices, by emphasizing shared symbolism, help promote this |
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Definition
| explanations that differ from one religion to another which tell the individual or group that life is part of a larger system of order in the universe. Some even offer hope of an afterlife for the persons who follow the religion's tenets of morality |
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Definition
| If individuals consider themselves to be part of a larger order that holds the ultimate meaning in life, they will feel bound to one another in a way that otherwise might not be possible |
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Definition
| The set of beliefs, rituals, and symbols that makes sacred the values of the society and places the nation in the context of the ultimate system of meaning |
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| The capitalist class uses religious idology as a tool of domination to mislead the workers about their true interests (Marx's statement) |
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Definition
| a Marxist theory that people are unable to see things, esp. exploitation, oppression, and social relations, as they really are |
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| The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism |
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Definition
| Weber's book where he asserted that the religious teachings of John Calvin (Predestination) were directly related to the rise of capitalism, opposing Marx's theory that religion slowed or inhibited social change |
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| Religion as a Reference Group |
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| Religion helps people define themselves |
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Definition
| Objects that have meaning for large groups of people and for individuals (Ex Star of David, crescent moon and star, cross) |
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| a religious organization that is so integrated into the dominant culture that it claims as its membership all members of a society |
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| A large, bureaucratically organized religious organization that tends to seek acommodation with the larger society in order to maintain some degree of control over it |
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Definition
| a relatively small religious group that has broken away from another religious organization to renew what it views as the original version of the faith |
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Definition
| a large, organized religion characterized by accommodation to society but frequently lacking in ability or intention to dominate society |
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Definition
| A religious group with practices and teachings outside the dominate cultural and religious traditions of a society |
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Term
| Order of Organization (largest to smallest) |
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Definition
| Ecclesia, church, denomination, sect, cult |
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Term
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Definition
strict adherence to any set of BASIC ideas or principles
appears to have a much wider following among persons from all socioeconomic levels, geographical areas, and occupations |
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Definition
| a belief in the perfectibility of human beings through their own efforts rather than through a belief in God and a religious conversion |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of the causes and distribution of health, disease, and impairment throughout a population |
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Term
| The effect of Age on Health |
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Definition
| Rates of illness and death are highest among the old and the young |
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Term
| The Effect Gender has on Health |
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Definition
| Women (today) generally live longer than men |
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Term
| The Effect Race/Ethnicity has on Health |
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Definition
| People of color are more likely to live below the poverty line (less $$ for health insurance), Latinas are more likely to live below the poverty line, but they have lower overall death rate |
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Definition
| Occupation--people with lower incomes are more likely to be employed in jobs that expose them to danger and illness |
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Definition
| patients are billed individually for each service they receive, including treatment by doctos, laboratory work, hospital visits, prescriptions, and other health-realated expenses |
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Term
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Definition
| Third-party providers pay large portions of doctor and hospital bills, and in turn, the insured pay premiums into a fund that pays doctors and hospitals |
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| Program for persons age 65 or older who are covered by social securityor who are eligible and "buy into" the program by paying a monthly premium |
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Definition
| Established to make health care more available to the poor. |
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Term
| Health Maintenance Organizations |
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Definition
| companies that provide, for a set monthly fee, total care with an emphasis on prevention to avoid costly treatment later |
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Definition
| Any system of cost containment that closely monitors and controls health care providers' decisions about medical procedures, diagnostic tests, and other services that shoud be provided to patients |
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| 8.7 million children, 47.0 million people in the US in 2006 (15.8% of the nation) |
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Definition
| one-third of all US citizens are without or _____________ |
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Definition
| an approach to health care that focuses on prevention of illness and disease and is aimed at treating the whole person--body and mind--rather than just the part or parts in which symptoms occur |
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| Healing Practices inconsistent with dominant medical approach |
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