Term
| Realistic group conflict theory |
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Definition
| The idea that some group conflicts are "rational" or "realistic" in the sense of being based on a real competition for scarce resources. The principal hypothesis of this theory is that intergroup attitudes and behavior will tend to reflect group interests. |
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| A situation where the achievement of one group's goals depends on the active contribution of another group. |
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| A functional perspective of realistic group conflict theory, in which images, affect, and behavioral responses are associated with different intergroup power relationships. It identifies 4 types of relationship: Enemy (competing, equal status), Ally (cooperating, equal status), Dependent (cooperating, unequal status), Barbarian (competing, unequal status). |
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| Perceived conflicts, or situations in which one group "wins" and another "loses". |
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| Consists of those aspects of an individual's self image that derive from the social categories to which he perceives himself belonging. |
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| Goals which cannot be achieved by one group on its own or in competition with another group, but depend on the other group for their successful attainment. |
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Term
| Self-categorization theory |
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Definition
| A theoretical perspective which holds that a primary determinant of people's group and intergroup behavior is the manner in which and the level at which they categorize themselves as members of a group. |
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Term
| Group identification (strength of) |
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Definition
| The extent to which people see themselves as belonging to a group; their evaluation of that group; and their emotional commitment to it. |
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| The feeling which arises when people perceive a discrepancy between their current standard of living and the one to which they feel entitled. |
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| The contention that relative deprivation will be highest when a period of increasing prosperity for a group is followed by a sharp downturn in the group's fortunes. |
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Term
| Temporal relative deprivation |
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Definition
| A form of relational deprivation, which stems from unfavorable comparisons of the present situation with the past or the likely future. |
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| The contention that prejudice can arise from both relative deprivation and relative gratification. |
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| Challenges to the way the ingroup chooses to define itself and to the cultural practices which symbolize that identity. |
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| Any threats to the material well-being or physical security of the ingroup. |
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| A heightened or exaggerated response, which is due to some variable. |
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| A technique for measuring prejudice implicitly. Group labels or stimuli serve as primes in a task where people have to judge various words as positive or negative. Response times in the primed task can be compared to baseline response times without the primes, and from these differences an implicit measure of prejudice can be derived. |
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Definition
| The idea that prejudice can be reduced by bringing members of different groups together, under conditions that favor equal-status cooperation and friendship formation and where there is institutional support for the goals of integration. |
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| A variable which can alter (moderate) the effects of an independent variable on the dependent variable. |
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Definition
| A variable which can help to explain the effect of an independent variable on the dependent variable. |
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Definition
| A state in which one or more groups become readily available or accessible in people's minds. |
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Term
| Common ingroup identity model |
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Definition
| A theory according to which contact will be most successful if it succeeds in redrawing category boundaries in such a way that members of an ingroup and members of an outgroup come to be seen as belonging to the same superordinate category. |
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| A cognitive process in which attributes of the ingroup are perceived also as belonging to another, usually superordinate, category. |
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| The perception of another group's stereotypes about the ingroup. |
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Term
| Acculturation orientation |
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Definition
| A strategy which group members may adopt in relation to other groups in a context of immigration. Traditionally, acculturation orientations are seen as deriving from people's preference for maintaining (or relinquishing) their own culture and for interacting with the other group and adopting facets of its culture (or not). |
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Definition
| An indirect form of intergroup contact, which derives from a person's knowledge that other members of the ingroup have outgroup friends. |
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Definition
| A handsome gentleman who's quick of wit, eager to please, and full of earning potential. His accolades speak for themselves, distinguishing him as a member of the top tier of boyfriend material. |
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