Term
| Criteria for supplemental o2 |
|
Definition
| pao2 less than or equal to 55. O2 sat less than or equal to 88. Hematocrit 55% or higher. Evidence of Cor Pulmonale |
|
|
Term
| drugs causing esophagitis |
|
Definition
| tetracyclines, aspirin, many NSAIDs, alendronate, potassium chloride, quinidine, and iron |
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|
Term
| zinc deficiency presents as... |
|
Definition
| alopecia, abnormal taste, bullous, pustulous lesions surrounding body orifices and or extremities, and impaired would healing. in children, it may also cause growth retardation. |
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|
Term
| selenium deficiency presents as... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| vit a deficiency presents as |
|
Definition
| blindness, dry skin, and impaired immunity |
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|
Term
| putamen hemorrhage presentation... |
|
Definition
| most common site of hypertensive hemorrhage. internal capsule lies adjacent to the putamen and is almost always involved. hemiparesis, hemi-sensory loss, homonymous hemianopsia, stupod and coma. the eyes are deviated away from the paralytic side. |
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|
Term
| cerebellar hemorrhage presents as... |
|
Definition
| ataxia, vomiting, occipital headache, gaze palsy, and facial weakness. There is no hemiparesis. Stupor or coma may ensue due to brainstem compression. |
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|
Term
| pontine hemorrhage presents as... |
|
Definition
| deep coma and paraplegia that develop within a few minutes. pupils are pinpoint and reactive to light. Decerebrate rigidity. no horizontal eye movements. |
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Term
| most dangerous complication of marfans and hypertension is? |
|
Definition
| aortic dissection, which can cause aortic regurgitation. Marfans is due to a defect in fibrillin. lax joints, long thin digits and limbs, blood vessel fragility, spontaneous pnumothorax, pectus excavatum, MVP and regurg, retinal detachment. |
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Term
| best way to monitor respiratory function in those with Guillain-Barre is? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| bitter almond breath is a sign of |
|
Definition
| cyanide. burning of rubber or plastic. other symptoms similar to carbon monoxide exposure. |
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|
Term
| Psammoma bodies are found in... |
|
Definition
| PTC, Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of ovary, meningioma, malginant mesothelioma |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Lots of Bad Stuff Kills Glia. Lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney, GI |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Cancer Sometimes Penetrates Benign Liver. Colon, Stomach, Pancreas, Breast, Lung |
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|
Term
| Cancers that metastasis to bone |
|
Definition
| P.T.Barnum Loves Kids. Prostate, Thyroid, Testes, Breast, Lung, Kidney. |
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|
Term
| Schizophrenic patient that also has primary polydipsia and now has dry mouth because given which medication... |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Intensifies kidney's response to ADH, causing water retention and effects similar to SIADH |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diagnosis of DKA and treatment? |
|
Definition
| 3 of the following: blood glucose level >250, pH<7.3, low serum bicarbonate (<15-20), and detection of plasma ketones. IV NS and regular insulin. Then once glucose reaches 200-250, switch to D5% in 1/2NS with potassium. |
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|
Term
| Adverse effects of Bicarbonate use? When is it used? |
|
Definition
| Bicarbonate use can cause cerebral edema in children. It can shift the oxygen dissociation curve to the left. It can lead to hypokalemia and alkalosis. It should only be used in severe acidosis (pH <7.1), plasma bicarbonate <5 or severe hyperkalemia. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| alveolar damage, tension pneumothorax, hypotension |
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|
Term
| uncomplicated cystitis defition? and first line treatment |
|
Definition
| healthy, young, nonpregnant. Oral TMP-SMX and nitrofurantoin |
|
|
Term
| complicated cystitis, definition and first line treatment. |
|
Definition
| pregnant, very old, very young, diabetic, immunocompromised, abdnomal anatomy. fluooquinolones like levofloxacin or ciprofloxacin. |
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|
Term
| when is hydroxychloroquine used? and what's it's side effect |
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Definition
| SLE when skin and joints are involved. But it causes retinopathy |
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|
Term
| treatment of MS in acute situations? And to decrease recurrent exacerbations? |
|
Definition
| Steroids for acute symptoms. Reduce exacerbations by beta-interferons and glatiramer acetate in relapsing-remitting. |
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|
Term
| acetaminophen overdose protocol |
|
Definition
| activated charcoal, measure serum acetaminophen levels at 4 hours, and give NAC if needed. Effective as long as NAC is given 8 hours since ingestion. Rumack-Matthew nomogram |
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|
Term
| triad of disseminated gonococcal infection? what other screening test is recommended? |
|
Definition
| polyarthralgias, tenosynovitis, vesiculopustular rash. HIV screening. Don't get confused with septic knee due to gonococcus, this is disseminated! |
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|
Term
| tick bite, systemic symptoms (fever, malaise, myalgias, headache, nausea and vomiting), leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, elevated LFTs. Intracellular inclusions (morulae) in WBCs. |
|
Definition
| Ehrlichiosis - tx with doxycycline. "spotless Rocky Mountain spotted fever" |
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|
Term
| Drug of choice for pregnant woman with RMSF? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drug of choice for Legionnaire's disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| treatment for asymptomatic PVC? what are some first and second line treatments? |
|
Definition
| observation for asymptomatic. Beta blocker is first line treatment, and amiodarone is second line treatment. |
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|
Term
| 3/5 will cause metabolic syndrome, describe these.. |
|
Definition
| waist circumference greater than 40 or 35 in men and women, HDL less than 40 or 50 in men and women, triglycerides greater than 150, fasting glucose greater than 100, BP greater than 130/80. |
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|
Term
| when are nitrates not used? |
|
Definition
| aortic stenosis, recent phosphodiesterase inhibitor use, or right ventricular infarction. |
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|
Term
| enterobiasis treatment? first line? |
|
Definition
| albendazole and mebendazole but should not be used in pregnancy. pyrantel pamoate is second line. |
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|
Term
| Name some conditions that are associated with Hep C. |
|
Definition
| Cryoglobulinemia. MPGN. LP. PCT. B cell lymphomas. ITP. autoimmune disease like sjogren's and thyroiditis |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| temporal lobe. CSF PCR. Treat with IV acyclovir if suspected right away. |
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|
Term
| empiric treatment for bacterial meningitis |
|
Definition
| ceftriaxone and vancomycin |
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|
Term
| When deciding for the next step in management, what factor will help you decide between diagnostic confirmation vs treatment? |
|
Definition
| length of illness, progression, and severity of the current situation. LOOK AT TIME. |
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|
Term
| drugs that cause cochlear dysfunction |
|
Definition
| cisplatin, carboplatin, aminoglycosides, |
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|
Term
| drugs that cause optic neuritis |
|
Definition
| ethambutol and hydroxychloroquine |
|
|
Term
| drugs that cause peripheral neuropathy |
|
Definition
| phenytoin, isoniazid, vincristine, heavy metals, and chronic alcoholism |
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|
Term
| monotherapy for acute migraine with vomiting? |
|
Definition
| prochlorperazine, chlorpromazine, metoclopramide |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| CHADS2 score. congestive heart failure, hypertension 140/90, age >75, DM, prior stroke or TIA. 2-6 high risk and need to anticoagulate. score of 1 can use aspirin or anticoagulation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| beta blockers or calcium channel blockers. digoxin if they have chf |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Contrast medium used in radiography. It has antithyroid effects by virtue of its iodine content. Decreases thyroid release and peripheral conversion of T4 to T3. Steroids prevent conversion too. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Hyperlipidemia (Increased LDL +- triglycerides). Hyponatremia (SIADH). High serum muscle enzymes (myopathy). Anemia |
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|
Term
| Empiric treatment for community acquired meningitis in >55yo, or immunocompromised? for child younger than 3 months? for hospitalized patients after neurosurg? |
|
Definition
| Ceftriaxone, vancomycin, and ampicillin (covers SHN bacteria, strep pneumo is resistant to pen and cepholo. IV cefotaxime + ampicillin. IV ceftazidime + vancomycin (covers pseudo and staph) |
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|
Term
| Treatment for Dermatitis Herpetiformis (DH)? |
|
Definition
| Dapsone. Not clear but is thought to be due to the drug's anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. |
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|
Term
| Name the major side effects of cyclosporine? |
|
Definition
| Nephrotoxicity, hyperkalemia, hypertension, gum hypertrophy, hirsutism, and tremor. (nephrotoxic, neurotoxic, new growth- SCC, lymphoproliferative disease, gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism, hypertension, hyperglycemia) |
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|
Term
| tacrolimus is similar to cyclosporin as they both work as calcineurin inhibitors. what is the side effect of tacrolimus. |
|
Definition
| More neurotoxic and nephrotoxic. but no hirsutism and gingival hyperplasia. |
|
|
Term
| major toxicity of azathioprine |
|
Definition
| dose related diarrhea, leukopenia, and hepatoxicity |
|
|
Term
| major toxicity of mycophenolate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| primary parathyroidism vs familial hypocalciuria |
|
Definition
| both have elevated PTH and calcium. In Primary PTH, 24 hour urine Ca is >200mg. In familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, 24 hour urine Ca <100mg. |
|
|
Term
| Indications for surgery in primary hyperparathyroidism? |
|
Definition
Symptomatic or Asymptomatic with one of the following:
1. Ca +1 above normal value
2. Dexa bone scan -2.5 in any one place
3. younger than 50 years old
4. GFR less than 60 |
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|
Term
| treatment for sporotrichosis |
|
Definition
| potassium iodine, itraconazole/fluconazole, amphotericin B |
|
|
Term
| condition that can cause bilateral trigeminal neuralgia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the triad of glucagonoma? and treatment? |
|
Definition
| Hyperglycemia, weight loss, necrolytic migratory erythema. Surgically remove, not responsive to chemotherapy. |
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|
Term
| myotonic dystrophy symptoms are? |
|
Definition
| muscular weakness, testicular atrophy, low testosterone and high FSH and LH. |
|
|
Term
| What is Jervell-Lange-Nielson syndrome and how do you recognize it? how do you treat it? |
|
Definition
| Congenital QT prolongation due to defects in ion channels. Deafness, syncope without confusion, arrythmias-torsades de pointes, autosomal recessive - family history of sudden cardiac death. Tx: Beta blockers. |
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|
Term
| who gets seborrheic dermatitis |
|
Definition
| everyone can but seen in HIV and Parkinsonism. Central face, scalp, and places with sebaceous glands. fine loose waxy scales |
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|
Term
| Medial cerebellar infarction (vermis) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lateral cerebellar infarction |
|
Definition
| dizziness, weakness, ataxia, and fall towards the side of the lesion |
|
|
Term
| name 5 causes of high output cardiac failure (circulation isn't able to meet the demands of the peripheral tissue) |
|
Definition
| Arteriovenous fistula, anemia, thiamine deficiency, thyrotoxicosis, and Paget's disease |
|
|
Term
| what are some causes of membranous glomerulonephritis |
|
Definition
| hep b, c, syphilis, penicillamine, gold, SLE, RA |
|
|
Term
| name some common reaction to HIV meds. |
|
Definition
didanosine-induced pancreatitis
abacavir related hypersensitivity syndrome
Lactic acidosis secondary to the use of any NRTIs
SJS secondary to the use any of the NNRTIs
Nevirapine-associated liver failure
Crystal induced nephropathy with indinavir |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy. Painful spasmotic contractions. foot drop. |
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|
Term
| Side effect of heparin in 80% of patients and 10% of patients? |
|
Definition
| elevated liver enzymes, and heparin induced aldosterone suppression (no production) |
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|
Term
| treatment for hairy cell leukemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CHOP regimen is used for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inflammatory myositis treated best with? Dermatomyositis and polymyositis |
|
Definition
| high dose corticosteroids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| typical antipsychotic. intramuscular injections given every 2-3 weeks. inhibits body's shivering mechanism and causes low temperature. ppl need to avoid cold temperatures. |
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|
Term
ppx for cluster headache
ppx for migraine headaches |
|
Definition
verapamil, ergotamine, cyproheptadine.
Treatment for acute setting is 100% o2.
Can take amitryptiline or propanolol. treatment is NSAIDs or triptans. for n/v give chlorpromazine, prochlorperazine, or metoclopramide |
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|
Term
| what is erythema toxicum and the treatment? |
|
Definition
| erythematous papules and vesicles surrounded by patches of erythema. pustules reveals numerous eosinophils. Self limiting condition found in newborns after the first 2 days of birth. |
|
|
Term
| SIADH and rheumatoid arthritis. what drug is causing SIADH |
|
Definition
| NSAIDs. it potentiates the action of ADH. |
|
|
Term
| what disease causes these symptoms? lethargy, decreased libido, osteoarthritis, hepatomegaly, and testicular atrophy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| common drugs that cause pancreatitis |
|
Definition
1. diuretics - furosemide, thiazides
2. IBD - sulfasalazine, 5-ASA
3. immunosuppressive agents - azathioprine, L-asparaginase
4. bipolar disorder/seizure- valproic acid
5. AIDS- didanosine, stuvudine, pentamidine
6. antibiotics- metronidazole, tetracycline |
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|
Term
| infants who are small for gestation age will present with... |
|
Definition
| hypoxia, perinatal asphyxia, meconium aspiration, hypothermia, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, polycythemia |
|
|
Term
| osler-weber-rendu. Autosomal dominant. |
|
Definition
| hereditary telangiectasia. epistaxis, telangectasis, AV malformations any organ. If you get AVM in lungs it can shunt blood and cause hypoxemia, it may also rupture and cause massive hemoptysis. |
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