Term
Diphtheria Toxin
bug
mechanism
clinical manifestation |
|
Definition
C. Dipthheria
AB toxin that inactivates elongation-factor 2 thus inhibiting protein synthesis
Pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in throat |
|
|
Term
Exotoxin Ab
bug
mechanism
clinical manifestation |
|
Definition
Pseudomonas
AB toxin that Inactivates elongation-factor 2 thus inhibiting protein synthesis
Host cell death |
|
|
Term
Shiga Toxin
bug
mechanism
clinical manifestation |
|
Definition
Shigella
Inactivates 60S ribosome by cleaving rRNA
GI mucosal damage and invasion causing bloody diarrhea, Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome |
|
|
Term
Shiga-Like Toxin
bug
mechanism
clinical manifestation |
|
Definition
EHEC
Inactivates 60s ribosome by cleaving rRNA
Bloody diarrhea without invasion, Hemolytic uremic syndrome |
|
|
Term
Heat Labile Toxin
bug
mechanism
clinical manifestation |
|
Definition
ETEC
AB toxin that over-activates adenylate cyclase (increased cAMP) leading to increased chloride secretion and water efflux in gut
Watery Diarrhea |
|
|
Term
Heat Stable toxin
bug
mechanism
clinical manifestation |
|
Definition
ETEC or Yersinia
Over-activates guanlyate cyclase (increased cGMP) causing decreased reabsorption of NaCl and water in the gut
ETEC causes watery diarrhea
Yersinia causes bloody diarrhea |
|
|
Term
Edema Factor
bug
mechanism
clinical manifestation |
|
Definition
Bacillus Anthracis
Mimics adenylate cyclase (increased cAMP)
Black eschar with edematous borders |
|
|
Term
Cholera toxin
bug
mechanism
clinical manifestation |
|
Definition
Vibrio Cholera
AB toxin that activates Gs leading to increased adenylate cyclase and cAMP causing more Cl- secretion and water efflux in gut
Voluminous rice-water diarrhea |
|
|
Term
Pertussis Toxin
bug
mechanism
clinical manifestation |
|
Definition
Bordetella Pertussis
AB toxin that disables Gi leading to increased adenylate cyclase and cAMP impairing phagocytosis
Whooping cough |
|
|
Term
Tetanospasmin
bug
mechanism
clinical manifestation |
|
Definition
Clostridium Tetani
Cleaves SNAREs preventing GABA/glycine release in spinal cord
Muscle rigidity and lock jaw |
|
|
Term
Botulinum Toxin
bug
mechanism
clinical manifestation |
|
Definition
Clostridium Botulinum
Cleaves SNARE proteins preventing ACh release at NMJ
Flaccid paralysis |
|
|
Term
Alpha Toxin
bug
mechanism
clinical manifestation |
|
Definition
Clostridium Perfringens
Phospholipase that rips apart cell membranes
Myonecrosis causing gas gangrene and hemolysis (watery diarrhea if eaten) |
|
|
Term
Streptolysin O
bug
mechanism
clinical manifestation |
|
Definition
Strep Pyogenes
Degrades cell membrane
Lyse RBCs, contains epitopes linked to rheumatic fever |
|
|
Term
Exotoxin A
bug
mechanism
clinical manifestation |
|
Definition
Strep Pyogenes
Links MHC 2 and TCR causing huge release of IFN-g and IL-12
Toxic shock syndrome (fever, rash, shock) |
|
|
Term
TSST-1
bug
mechanism
clinical manifestation |
|
Definition
Staph Aureus
Links MHC 2 and TCR causing huge release of IFN-g and IL-12
Toxic shock syndrome (fever, rash, shock) |
|
|
Term
Exfoliative toxin
bug
clinical manifestation |
|
Definition
Staph Aureus
scalded skin syndrome |
|
|
Term
Enterotoxin
bug
clinical manifestation |
|
Definition
Staph Aureus
Food poisoning |
|
|
Term
Endotoxin
bug
mechanism
clinical manifestation |
|
Definition
Gram negatives
Activates Mphages, alternative complement, Hageman factor
Causes fever, shock, necrosis, acute inflammation DIC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ABCDE
shigA-like toxin
Botulinum toxin (some strains)
Cholera toxin
Diphtheria toxin
Erythrogenic toxin of S. Pyogenes |
|
|
Term
Toxin A
bug
mechanism
clinical manifestation |
|
Definition
C. Difficle
binds to the brush border of the gut
diarrhea |
|
|
Term
Toxin B
bug
mechanism
clinical manifestations |
|
Definition
C. Difficile
destroys cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes
Pseudomembranous colitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Aflatoxins
bug
clinical manifestation |
|
Definition
Aspergillus
increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma |
|
|
