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| Separate population into groups (strata) and sample each group |
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| selecting every __th individual from the poplation |
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selecting all individuals within a randomly selected collection or group of individuals
(same as stratified except take sample from entire group instead of just randomly selected few) |
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| sample in which the individuals are easily obtained and not based on randomness |
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| sample using combination of methods |
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| Frame (non-sampling error) |
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| segments of population underrepresented |
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| interviewer not skilled (or trained) enough for survey |
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| answers given not completely truthfully |
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| could be open (essay) or closed (multiple choice) |
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| having a finite number of values |
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| experimental unit is randomly assigned to a treatment |
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controlled study conducted to determine the effect that varying 1 or more explanatory variables has on a response variable
applies a treatment to individuals and attempts to isolate effect |
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| experimental design in which experimental units are paired up (only 2 levels of treatment) |
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| science of collecting, organizing, summarizing, and analyzing information |
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| neither doctor nor patient knows what group the patient is in |
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| treatment applied to more than one experimental unit |
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| list of all individuals in the population to be studied in experiment |
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| list of all individuals in a population |
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| facts or propositions used to draw conclusions |
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| influencing variable that affects other variables |
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| overview of information collected (answer) |
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| take results of sample and extend to population within some precise amount of certainty |
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| group to which experimental group is compared |
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| characteristic of individual in population |
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| numerical value of population |
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| numerical summary of population (average) |
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| numerical summary of a sample |
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| measures the value of response varibale without attempting to influence the value of either the response or explanatory variables |
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| variable under study (what causes result) |
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| variable that responds to explanatory variable (result) |
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| occurs when two or more explanatory variables are not separated |
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| looking back in time or at existing records to match individuals with needs in the study |
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| observational studies collect information about individuals at a specific point in time or over a very short period of time |
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| these are retrospective, individuals who have a certain characteristic may be matched with those who don't |
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| identifies a group of individuals to participate in the study (the cohort) The cohort is the observed over a long period of time. During this period, characteristics about the individuals are recorded and some individuals will be exposed to certain factors and others will not. At the end of the study the value of the response variable is recorded for the individuals. |
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| information from the sample does not represent population |
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| error that results because sample does not give complete information about population |
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| error that results from survey process |
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| occurs when the proportion of one segment of the population is lower in a sample than it is in the population |
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| variables of change (factors) |
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| combination of the values of each factor (what is done) |
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| person or item to which treatment is applied (subject) |
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fix at 1 level
Usually variable of no interest |
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set at predetermined levels
of interest |
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| averages out effects of uncontrolled variables |
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