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Stats Test One
Definitions
44
Mathematics
Undergraduate 4
02/26/2013

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Term
Population
Definition
The entire group of items/individuals that we want information about, which inference are to be made
Term
Sample
Definition
the smaller group, the part of the population we actually examine in order to gather information.
Term
Census
Definition
Special case when every unit in the population is measured or surveyed
Term
Variable
Definition
The characteristic of the units that we want to learn about
Term
Parameter
Definition
A summery of a variable for the entire population
Term
Statistic
Definition
A summary of a variable ample
Term
Sampling Frame
Definition
The list of units from which a sample is selected
Term
Voluntary Response Sample
Definition
Only people who volunteer to participate are included in the sample
Term
Convience Sample
Definition
The most convient group is considered as the sample
Term
Simple Random Sample
Definition
Every different possible sample of the desired size has the same chance of being selected
Term
Stratified Random Sample
Definition
The population is first divided into nonoverlapping groups and a random sample is selected from each group.
Term
Cluster Sample
Definition
The population is first divided into nonoverlapping groups, a randome sample is selected of clusters is selected and all individuals in the selected clusters are included in the sample
Term
Systematic Sample
Definition
The population is a list divided into consecutive segements. One individual is randomely selected from the first segement and the same position is selected from each of the remaining segements
Term
Undercoverage
Definition
Tendency for a sample to differ from the corresponding population because the sampling frame excludes some parts of the population
Term
Non-Response
Definition
Tendency for a smaple to differ from the corresponding population bc a subset of the sample cannot be contacted or does not respond
Term
Response
Definition
Tendency for a sample to differ from the corresponding population bc participants respond differently from how they truly feel
Term
Categorical
Definition
variable places a unit into one of several groups or categories
Term
Quantitative
Definition
Variable takes numeric values for which arithmatic operations such as adding and averaging make sense
Term
Shape
Definition
Approximately symmetric, (right or left) skewed, (uni, bi, or multi) modal
Term
Center
Definition
Approximate middle of the data set. (Mean or Median)
Term
Spread
Definition
Shows hoe far the data falls from itself. (range and IQR)
Term
Mean
Definition
Add all of the variables and divide by the number of observations
Term
Median
Definition
Approximately the middle value
Term
Range
Definition
Equal to the maximun minus the minimum
Term
Interquartile Range (IQR)
Definition
Equal to the third quartile minus the first quartile
Term
First Quartile
Definition
is the median of the observations less than the overall median ordered list data
Term
Third Quartile
Definition
is the median of the observations greater than the overall median ordered list data
Term
Experiment
Definition
Any Process whose outcome is subject to uncertainty
Term
Sample Space
Definition
The set of all possible outcomes of an experiment
Term
Event
Definition
Any Collection of outcomes from sample space
Term
Sample Event
Definition
Consists of exactly one outcome
Term
Compond Event
Definition
Consists of more than one outcome
Term
Complement
Definition
Set of all outcomes in Sigma that are not in D
Term
Union
Definition
Of events A and B. Event consisting of all outcomes that are either A or B or both
Term
Intersection
Definition
of two events A and B. Event consisting of all outcomes that are in both A and B
Term
Disjoint Event
Definition
A and B are said to be mutually exclusive if thier intersection is empty
Term
Independent
Definition
A and B are said to be independent the occurrence of one event does not change the probability of the second event.
Term
Probability
Definition
A precise measure of the chance that a particular event will occure
Term
Standard Score or Z-score
Definition
The distance between an observation and the mean, measured in terms of numer of stadard deviations
Term
Standard deviation
Definition
of a sampling distribution measures the average distance of the possible values of the stats from the mean
Term
Standard Error
Definition
An estimate of the standard deviation of the sampling distribution
Term
Confidence Interval
Definition
Represents a range of reasonable values of a population parameter
Term
Confidence Level
Definition
Represents the proportion of possible samples for which the confidence interval will capture the true parameter
Term
Margin of Error
Definition
Represents the maximum distance between a sample statistic and the population parameter for 95% of the possible values of the statistic
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