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Definition
| indicates score from beginning to ¼ up the list from lowest. |
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Definition
| indicates the score two quarters up the list (MEDIAN) |
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| three quarters up the list. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Research with the purpose of measuring some phenomenon |
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| A row in the data editor. Data collected from a single participant. |
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Definition
| Research that compares the results from two or more groups |
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Definition
| Confusion of the effect of an independent variable with that of an extraneous variable. |
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| A value that does not vary. |
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| To make the groups as comparable as possible on an extraneous variable. |
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| Designed to help rule out plausible rival explanations. |
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| THE RANGE OF POSSIBLE SCORES ON A VARIABLE AND THIER FREQUENCY OF OCCURANCE. AKA PROBABILITY DENSITY FACTOR. p |
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| Number of scores we need to know before we can work out the rest using the information we already have. It is the number of scores that are free to vary in the analysis. |
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| Behavior of the participant that is observed and measured by the researcher |
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Definition
| Enable us to summarize a set of data. |
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| Used to organize and describe the characteristics of a collection of data. |
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Definition
| The difference of a score from the mean. When we subtract the mean value from a score the result is the deviation. |
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Definition
| Group of participants who receive the level of the independent variable that defines the experiment. |
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Definition
| Any variable that is not an independent or dependent variable but might have an effect on the dependent variable. |
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Term
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Definition
| THE NUMBER OF TIMES A SCORE, A RANGE OF SCORES OR A CATEGORY IS OBTAINED IN A SET OF DATA |
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Term
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Definition
| A PLOT OF DATA ON A GRAPH, WHERE VERTICAL BARS ARE USED TO REPRESENT THE FREQUENCY OF THE SCORES, RANGE OF THE SCORES, OR CATEGORIES UNDER STUDY. |
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Definition
| Predicted relationship between variables. |
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Definition
| A logical sequence of stages from proposing the hypothesis to deciding whether to accept it or reject it. |
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| Variable chosen by the researcher for testing. Predicted to influence the dependent variable. |
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| Variable whose values are changed by the researcher |
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| Used to make inferences from a smaller part of the group to possibly a larger one. |
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Definition
Difference between third and first quartile
(Q3 - Q1,) = |
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Definition
| A scale of measurement where the interval between consecutive numbers is always the same. |
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Definition
| where a data is measured in intervals (i.e. tape measure, timer) |
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Term
| MAJOR REASON FOR CALCULATING STATISTICS |
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Definition
| DESCRIBE AND SUMMARIZE A SET OF DATA. |
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Definition
| A MEASURE OF AVERAGE SCORE IN THE SET OF DATA. FOUND BY ADDING UP ALL THE SCORES AND THEN DIVIDING IT MY THE NUMBER OF SCORES. |
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Term
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Definition
| IF WE ORDER A SET OF DATA FROM LOWEST TO HIGHEST THE MEDIAN IS THE POINT THAT DIVIDES THE SCORES INTO TWO WITH HALF THE SCORES BELOW AND HALF ABOVE THE MEDIAN. |
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Definition
| The score which has occurred the highest number of times in a set of data. |
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Term
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Definition
| Intervention on the part of the researcher to change the values of the independent variable. |
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Definition
| What s best mode to use to determine "Central valu in distribution" |
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Term
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Definition
| Most commonly used measure of central tendency |
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| Measures of Central Tendency |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Indicates as to whether samples are similar (Narrow) or dissimilar (large) |
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Definition
| When we use numbers as labels. |
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Definition
| Labeled by the category it belongs to (i.e. cars) |
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Definition
| a bell shaped frequency that appears to underlie many human variables. |
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Definition
| Can be worked out mathematically using the population mean and standard deviation. |
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Definition
| A prediction that there is no relationship between the dependent and independent variable |
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Definition
| A prediction that two samples come from different populations, specifying the direction of the difference; that is which of the two will have the larger mean value. |
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Term
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Definition
| redefinition of the original concept in terms of something that can be measured. |
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Term
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Definition
| WHEN WE CANNOT ASSUME THAT THE INTERVALS BETWEEN CONSECUTIVE NUMBERS ON A SCALE OF MEASUREMENT OF EQUAL SIZE WE HAVE ___________ AND CAN ONLY USE THE DATA TO RANK SUBJECT |
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Term
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Definition
| Data defines an order. (rating a group of vegetables you like) |
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Definition
| Acknowledges the individual's agency. Person taking part as a subject in a study. |
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Term
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Definition
| Probability multiplied by 100 |
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Term
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Definition
| A complete set of subjects or scores we are interested in, from which we have drawn a sample. |
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Definition
| The chance of a specific event occurring from a set of possible events expressed as a proportion. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| DATA THAT IS LINGUISTIC RATHER THAN NUMERICAL DATA. |
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Definition
| Numbers of quantities that we have collected using measuring devices (such as timers, performance tests or quantifiers) |
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Term
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Definition
| DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE HIGHEST AND LOWEST SCORES IN A SET OF DATA. (HIGHEST SCORE - LOWEST SCORE) |
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Definition
| A METHOD OF ORDERING SCRES , LISTING THEM FROM LOWEST TO HIGHEST. |
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Definition
| The difference between the highest and lowest scores in a set of data. |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the simplest measure of spread? |
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Term
| Range of the quarter of scores below the median. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| When a set of data is ordered from lowest to highest the rank of a score is its position in this order. |
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Definition
Term used to indicate the same subjects (participants) are providing data for all conditions. A.K.A. Related Design.
Set up without grouping variable |
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Definition
| A subset of a population that shares the same key characteristics of the population |
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Term
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Definition
| Structured problem solving |
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Term
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Definition
| A CHARACTERISTIC OF A SAMPLE (I.E. SAMPLE MEAN) THAT ARE USED TO DESCRIBE TECHNIQUES FOR SUMMARIZING AND ANALYZING NUMERICAL DATA |
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Definition
| THE SUM OF THE SQUARED DEVIATIONS OF SCORES FROM THIER MEAN VALUE. |
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Definition
| Area of knowledge organized for the purpose of discovering and establishing general laws |
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Term
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Definition
| Structured systems to perform research |
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Definition
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Definition
| The risk (probability) of erroneously claiming a relationship between an independent and dependent variable. Usually set at 0.05 meaning that there is a chance of 5 in a 100. |
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Term
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Definition
| The risk (probability) of erroneously claiming a relationship between an independent or dependent variable when there is not one. Statistical tests are taken so that the probability is chosen to be small (usually about 0.05) which means that 5 out of 100 from normal distribution. |
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Definition
| Square root of the Variance |
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Definition
| MEASURE OF THE STANDARD "AVERAGE" DIFFERENCE, (DEVIATION) FROM THE MEAN IN A SET OF SCORES. SQUARE ROOT OF VARIANCE |
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Term
| Standard Normal Distribution |
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Definition
| mean of 0 and standard deviation of 1. |
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Term
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Definition
| The position of a score within a distribution of scores. It provides a measure of how many standard deviation units a specific score falls above or below the mean. |
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Definition
| Another name for "z-score". |
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Term
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Definition
| The position of a score within a distribution of scores. It provides a measure of how many standard deviation units a specific score falls above or below the mean. It is also referred to as a z score. |
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Term
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Definition
| A prediction that two samples come from different populations, but not stating which population has the higher mean value. |
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Term
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Definition
| UNIT OF PRECISION USED IN MEASURING A VARIABLE |
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Definition
| A good measure of variability in data |
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Definition
| Sums of squares/divided by number of scores. To find the average of squared deviations |
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Term
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Definition
| A MEASURE OF HOW MUCH A SET OF SCORES VARY FROM THIER MEAN VALUE. SQUARE OF THE STANDARD DEVIATION. |
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Term
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Definition
| Squared deviations from the mean. |
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Term
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Definition
| IF A NUMBER CHANGED IN THE MEDIAN WOULD THE ANSWER BE THE SAME? |
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Term
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Definition
| If we ignore the sign of the deviation and always treat it as positive we produce the ______________ |
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Term
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Definition
| Variable that can take on only a finite number of values between two points |
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Term
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Definition
| Symbol "Q". IF WE ORDER A SET OF SCORES FROM THE LOWEST TO HIGHEST. THE QUARTILES ARE THE POINTS THAT DIVIDE FOUR EQUAL GROUPS WITH A QUARTER OF THE SCORES IN EACH GROUP. SECOND QUARTILE IS MEAN. |
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Term
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Definition
| the object on which the statistical analysis is computed |
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Term
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Definition
| lowest score in the 1st quartile |
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Term
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Definition
| YMBOL for absolute Deviation |
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Term
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Definition
| YMBOL for absolute Deviation |
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Term
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Definition
| WHAT IS THE SYMBOL FOR THE MEAN? |
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Term
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Definition
| A way of assigning subjects to groups in order to control variables such as age, socioeconomic, and bias on the part of the researcher. |
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Term
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Definition
| Area of knowledge organized for the purpose of discovering and establishing general laws. |
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Term
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Definition
| Structured Systems to perform research. |
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Term
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Definition
| Quantity or property that is free to take on different values. |
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Definition
| Variable that an take on infinitely many values |
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Term
| Experimental Group, Treatment Group |
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Definition
| Group of participants who receive the level of the independent variable that defines the group |
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Term
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Definition
| Behavior of the participant that is observed and measured by the researcher. |
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Term
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Definition
| Behavior of the participant that is observed and measured by the researcher. |
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Term
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Definition
| any variable that is not an independent or dependent variable Any variable hat might have an effect on the dependent variable. |
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Term
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Definition
| To make the groups under study as comparable as possible on the extraneous variable. |
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Term
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Definition
| Confusion of the effect of an independent variable with that of an extraneous variable. |
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Term
| Randomizing participants to Groups |
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Definition
| Randomly assigning participants to the levels of the independent variable such that the probability of any possible arrangement f the subjects is constant. |
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Term
| Keeping participants Constant |
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Definition
| Control of an extraneous variable by using only one of its level in the study |
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Term
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Definition
| Influence on the dependent variable on the dependent variable of the participant knowledge of the level of the independent variable. |
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Term
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Definition
| Influence on the dependent variable of the observers’ (researcher) knowledge of the levels of the independent variable. |
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Definition
| Experiment constructed to eliminate subject bias (not letting participant know the details of the experiment.) |
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Definition
| Experiment constructed to eliminate both subject and observer bias. |
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Term
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Definition
| Precise definition of how the researcher will observe and measure a concept. |
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Definition
| Relationship that exists when a researcher can assert that the independent variable caused the observed changes in the dependent variable: manipulation of the independent variable is a key feature of the relationship. |
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Definition
| Relationship that exists when a researcher can assert only that a change in one variable predicts a change in another variable. |
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Definition
| Research that uses an independent variable and a dependent variable and controls extraneous variables by randomization: casual relationships can be asserted when a true experiment is conducted. |
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