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Statistics
Statistics General Terms
32
Mathematics
Undergraduate 2
06/02/2009

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Term
Statistics
Definition
the science of collecting, organizing, summarizing, and analyzing information to draw conclusions of answer question.
Term
Descriptive statistics
Definition
organizing and summarizing the information collected.
Term
Inferential statistics
Definition
takes results obtained for a sample, extends them to the population, and measures the reliability of the result.
Term
Qualitative Variables
Definition
allow for classification of individuals based on some attribute or characteristic
Term
Quantitative Variables
Definition
provide numerical measures of individuals. addition and subtraction can be performed on these values and it will provide meaningful results.
Term
discrete variable
Definition
quantitative variable that has either a finite number of possible values or a countable number of possible values.
Term
continuous variable
Definition
and quantitative variable that has a infinite number of possible values that are not countable.
Term
lurking variables
Definition
may be related but are not identified in the study
Term
simple random sample
Definition
if every possible sample has an equally likely chance of occurring.
Term
stratified sample
Definition
seperating the population into nonoverlapping groups called strata and then obtaining a simple random sample from each stratum. the individuals in each stratum should be similar in some way.
Term
systematic sample
Definition
obtained by selecting every kth individual from the population. the first selected corresponds to a random number between 1 and k.
Term
cluster sample
Definition
obtained by selecting all individuals within a randomly selected collection or group of individuals.
Term
convenience sample
Definition
a sample in which the individuals are easily obtained.
Term
nonsampling errors
Definition
errors that result from the survey process.
Term
sampling error
Definition
results from using sampling to estimate information regarding a population. this type of eror occurs because a sample give incomplete information about the population.
Term
completely randomized design
Definition
one in which each experiemntal unit is randomly assigned to a treatment.
Term
matched-pairs design
Definition
experimental units are paired up
Term
randomized block design
Definition
grouping similar experiemntal units together and then randomizing the experimental units within each group to a treatment
Term
frequency distribution
Definition
lists each category of data and the number of occurences for each category of data.
Term
relative frequency
Definition
the proportion of observations within a category
Term
bar graph
Definition
graphs frequency or relative frequency
Term
pareto chart
Definition
bar graph whose bars are drawn in decreasing order of frequency or relative frequency
Term
histogram
Definition
constructed by drawing rectangles for each class of data. the height of each rectangle is the frequency or relative frequency of the class. the width of each rectangle is the same and the rectangles touch each other.
Term
class midpoint
Definition
found by ading consecutive lower class limits and dividing the result by 2
Term
frequency polygon
Definition
drawn by plotting a point above each class midpoint in a horizontal axis at the height equal to the frequency of the class, then draw a straight line to each point.
Term
ogive
Definition
graph that represents the cumulative frequency or cumulative relative frequency for the class.
Term
parameter
Definition
descriptive measure of a population
Term
statistic
Definition
descriptive measure of a sample
Term
median
Definition
the value that lies in the middle of the data when arranged in ascending order.
Term
mode
Definition
the most frequent observation of the variable that occurs in the data set
Term
range
Definition
difference between the largest data value and the smallest data value
Term
degrees of freedon
Definition
n-1
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