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Definition
Used to organize and describe the characteristics of a particular data set
Collecting, organizing, and describing data
Example: the average age of everyone in this class! |
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Inferential statistics
Used to make inferences from your sample to the population |
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| A quantitative variable measures outcomes that are expressed numerically. |
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| A qualitative variable consists of outcomes that, without modification, are not expressed numerically. |
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Yield categorical responses
red/yellow, Yes/No, high/med/low |
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| Produce numerical responses |
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| arise from a counting process one, two, three... |
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| arise from a measuring process: height, weight, temperature, etc. |
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Data is measured and classified into one of a number of discrete categories.
color, political party, gender, etc... |
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implies order. military rank, clothing size, etc.
consistent in direction but not magnitude |
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Differences in values have meaning.
Temperature - Fahrenheit, Celsius |
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Definition
differences are meaningful and relate to some true zero point.
Ex: Temperature, weight, height, age,
This is the most common scale of measurement |
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| Measures of Central Tendency |
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Definition
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| Value that occurs with greatest freqency |
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| What percentage of scores fall within 1 Standard Deviation of the mean? |
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| What percentage of scores fall within two standard deviations of the mean? |
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| If you get the square root of the standard deviation, what do you have? |
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| a type of graph in which the x-axis lists categories or values for a data set, and the y-axis shows a count of the number of cases falling into each category |
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| What is the range of correlation coefficients? |
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| range of values contained in a given category of a frequency distribution |
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| Midpoint between lower and upper class limits of a category in a frequency distribution |
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| distribution accommmodates all observations |
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| each observation is assigned to only one category. |
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| A continuous line that represents the frequencies of scores within a class interval |
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| If the curve of a polygon has a tail on the left, how is it skewed? |
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| If a the curve of a polygon has a tail on the right, how is it skewed? |
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Definition
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| Where is the mean located on a polygon? |
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Definition
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| Non-directional Research Hypothesis |
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Definition
| reflects a difference between groups, but the direction of the difference is not specified |
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| what percentage of scores fall within 3 standard deviations? |
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