Term
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Definition
| The study of how to collect, organize, analyze, and interpret numerical information from data. |
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| Are the people or objects that are included in a study. |
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Definition
| Characteristic of the individual to be measured or observed. |
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Definition
| A variable that has a value or numerical measurement for which operations such as addition or averaging make sense. |
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| A variable that describes an individual by placing the individual into a category or group, such as male or female. |
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Definition
| Data that is collected from every individual of interest. |
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Definition
| Data that is collected from only some of the individuals of interest. |
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Definition
| Numerical measurements of population data. |
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Definition
| Numerical measurements of sample data. |
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| Nominal Level of Measurement |
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Definition
| Data that consists of names, labels, or categories. |
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| Ordinal Level of Measurement |
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Definition
| Data that can be arranged in order. |
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| Interval Level of Measurement |
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Definition
| Data that can be arranged in order and the differences between data values are meaningful. |
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| Ratio Level of Measurement |
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Definition
| Data that can be arranged in order, the differences between data values are meaningful, and a true zero exists. |
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Term
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Definition
| Involves methods of organizing, picturing, and summarizing information from samples or populations. |
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Definition
| Involves methods of using information from a sample to draw conclusions regarding the population. |
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Definition
| Every individual of the population has an equal chance of being selected. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A numerical facsimile or representation of a real-world phenomenon. |
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| Sampling with replacement |
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Definition
| Once an item from a population has been selected it is not replaced back into the population and so it cannot be selected again. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when the population is subdivided into mutually exclusive sub-groupings that share a common characteristic. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when the population is arranged in some natural sequential order and every kth individual from the population is selected. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when the population is divided into mutually exclusive sub-groupings that are not related to a population characteristic then individual clusters are randomly selected and every individual within the selected sub-group is included in the sample. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when the population is divided into mutually exclusive sub-groupings that are not related to a population characteristic, the sub-groupings are then stratified using population characteristics, and finally random clusters of individuals are sampled. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when individuals from the population are selected in a non-random manner. |
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Term
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Definition
| A list of every individual in a population from which a sample is actually selected. |
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Term
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Definition
| Results when population members are omitted from the sample frame. The sample frame does not match the population. |
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Term
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Definition
| The difference between measurements from a sample and corresponding measurements from the respective population. |
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Definition
| Is the result of poor sample design, sloppy data collection, faulty measuring instruments, bias in questionnaires, and so on. |
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Term
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Definition
| Measurements or observations from the entire population are used. |
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Term
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Definition
| Observations and measurements of individuals are conducted in a way that doesn’t change the response or the variable being observed. |
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Term
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Definition
| A treatment is deliberately imposed on the individuals in order to observe a possible change in the response or variable being measured. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when a subject receives no treatment but (incorrectly) believes he or she, in fact, receiving treatment and responds favorably |
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Term
| Completely randomized experiment |
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Definition
| Is one in which a random process is used to assign each individual to one of the treatments. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is a group of individuals sharing some common features that might affect the treatment. |
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Term
| Randomized block experiment |
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Definition
| Individuals are first sorted into blocks, and then random process is used to assign each individual in the block to one of the treatments. |
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Term
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Definition
| Means that neither the individuals in the study nor the observers know which individuals are receiving the treatment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is used to account for the influences of other known or unknown variables that might be an underlying cause of a change in response in the experimental group. |
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Term
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Definition
| The group in an experiment that receives the experimental treatment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Known or unknown variables that might be an underlying cause of a change in response in the experimental group. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is a variable for which no data have been collected but that nevertheless has influence on other variables in the study. |
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Definition
| Random assigning of individuals to the treatment groups |
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Definition
| Repeated trials of the experiment to reduce the possibility that the differences observed is due to chance alone. |
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Term
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Definition
| Are used to gather information by asking questions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Individuals in a survey either cannot be contracted or refuse to participate. |
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Term
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Definition
| Individuals with strong feelings about a subject are more likely than others to respond. |
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Term
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Definition
| Questions may be worded in such a way as to elicit a specific response. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Partitions data into classes or intervals and shows how many data values in each class. |
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Term
| Completely randomized experiment |
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Definition
| Is one in which a random process is used to assign each individual to one of the treatments. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is a group of individuals sharing some common features that might affect the treatment. |
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Term
| Randomized block experiment |
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Definition
| Individuals are first sorted into blocks, and then random process is used to assign each individual in the block to one of the treatments. |
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Term
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Definition
| Means that neither the individuals in the study nor the observers know which individuals are receiving the treatment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is used to account for the influences of other known or unknown variables that might be an underlying cause of a change in response in the experimental group. |
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Term
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Definition
| The group in an experiment that receives the experimental treatment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Known or unknown variables that might be an underlying cause of a change in response in the experimental group. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is a variable for which no data have been collected but that nevertheless has influence on other variables in the study. |
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Term
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Definition
| Random assigning of individuals to the treatment groups |
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Term
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Definition
| Repeated trials of the experiment to reduce the possibility that the differences observed is due to chance alone. |
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Term
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Definition
| Are used to gather information by asking questions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Individuals in a survey either cannot be contracted or refuse to participate. |
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Term
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Definition
| Individuals with strong feelings about a subject are more likely than others to respond. |
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Term
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Definition
| Questions may be worded in such a way as to elicit a specific response. |
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