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Definition
| a variable that indicates whether a person or object possesses a given attribute |
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Definition
| a variable that expresses how much of an attribute is possessed by a person or object; may be either discrete or continuous |
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| a branch of statistics in which the emphasis is on the summarization and description of data that has been collected |
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| a branch of stats that goes beyond mere description and, based on sample data, seeks to generalize from the sample to the population from which the sample was drawn |
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| for quantitative variables, a graphical method that describes a frequency distribution by expressing either the frequency or relative frequency within each class as the length of the of a rectangle |
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| a variant of the frequency distribution that uses a subset of the original digits in the raw data as class descriptors(stems) and class members(leaves) |
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Definition
| a distribution in which the left half and the right half are mirror images of each other |
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| the condition in which a distribution tails off to either the left or the right, exhibiting a lack of symmetry |
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| a distribution in which two values occur with the greatest frequency |
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Definition
| a data value that is very different from most of the other data values |
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Definition
| a visual summarization of the data in which each point is a pair of observed values for the dependent and independent variables |
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Definition
| a random variable that can take on only certain values along an interval, with these values having gaps between them |
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Definition
| the variable for which a value is measured or observe. |
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Term
| discrete probability distribution |
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Definition
| the probability distribution for a discrete random variable |
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Definition
| in a frequency distribution, the condition in which the set of classes includes all possible data values. in an experiment, the condition in which a set of outcomes includes all of the possible outcomes. |
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Definition
| a process in which there are two or more consecutive trials, each of which has just two possible outcomes( success or failure), and in which the probability of a success remains the same from one trial to the next--they are statistically independent of each other. |
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Definition
| a discrete probability distribution involving consecutive trials of a bernoulli process |
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| continuous probability distribution |
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Definition
| a probability distribution describing probabilities associated with random variables that can take on any value along a given range or continuum. |
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| continuous random variable |
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Definition
| a random variable that can take a value at any point along an interval. there are no gaps between the possible values. |
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Term
| cumulative frequency distribution |
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Definition
| a frequency distribution showing the number of observations within or below each class, or above or within each class |
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Definition
| a display table dividing observed values into a set of classes and showing the number of observations falling into each class |
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Definition
| in an experiment, a variable that is observed or controlled for the purpose of determining its effects on the value of the dependent variable |
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Definition
| the distance between the first and third quartiles |
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Term
| interval scale of measurement |
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Definition
| a scale that has a constant unit of measurement, but in which the zero point is arbitrary |
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Definition
| a numerical measure describing the amount of scatter, or spread in the data values |
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| measure of central tendency |
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Definition
| a numerical measure describing typical values in the data |
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Definition
| a value that has just as many observations that are higher as it does observations that are lower. |
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Definition
| the value that occurs with the greatest frequency in a set of data |
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Definition
| the average of the lowest and highest data values |
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Term
| mutually exclusive events |
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Definition
| the condition in which two events cannot occur at the same time |
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Term
| mutually exclusive classes |
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Definition
| the classes in a frequency distribution are mutually exclusive when each data value can fall into only one category |
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Term
| nominal scale of measurement |
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Definition
| it employs numbers only to identify membership in a group or category |
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Term
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Definition
| bell shaped, and symmetrical, and has the mean, median, and mode all located at the midpoint. the curve approaches the horizontal axis at both ends, but never intersects with it . |
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Definition
| a method in which a ratio is used as a way of expressing the likelihood that it will happen versus the likelihood that it will not. |
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Definition
| a number between 0 and 1 which expresses the chance that an event will occur |
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Definition
| for a random variable, a description or listing of all possible values it can assume, along with their respective probabilities of occurrence. |
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Definition
| half of the interquartile range |
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Definition
| quantiles dividing data into 4 parts of equal size, with each comprising 25 % of the observations |
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| probability density function |
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Definition
| curve describing the shape of a continuous probability distribution |
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Definition
| a variable that can take on different values depending on the outcome of the experiment |
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Definition
| the difference between the highest and lowest values in a set of data |
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| relative frequency distribution |
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Definition
| a display table showing the proportion or percentage of total observations falling into each class |
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Term
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Definition
| a measure of dispersion, calculated as the positive square root of the variance. |
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Definition
| the expression of each data value in terms of its distance from the mean in standard deviation units. the resulting distribution will have a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1 |
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Term
| standard normal distribution |
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Definition
| a normal distribution that results from the original x values being expressed in terms of their number of standard deviations away from the mean. |
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Definition
| probability based on personal judgement of belief |
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Term
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Definition
| a measure of dispersion based on the squared differences between observed values and the mean |
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