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Definition
| Gas particles are small and far apart. There are no significant attractive or repulsive forces between them. |
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| Particles are in constant, random motion. They move in straight lines until they collide. Collisions are elastic (no kinetic energy is lost). |
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| Mass and velocity determine the kinetic energy of the particle. |
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| Behavior of Gases based on Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
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Definition
| Low densities, can be compressed/expanded, gases diffuse through a material from high to low concentration, gases with lower mass diffuse faster, and gases effuse through a small opening in the same way. |
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Definition
| (V1)/(V2) = Square root of (M2)/(M1) where V is velocity and M is the molar mass. |
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| Gas Pressure is Measured in... |
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Definition
| Force per unit area (pascal, kPa, psi, mm HG, inches Hg, torr, atm). |
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| Gases exert pressure when... |
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Definition
| They hit the sides of the container. |
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Definition
| The force of air particles. |
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| Barometers and manometers are used to measure what respectively? |
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Definition
| Air pressure and the pressure of any gas in a closed container. |
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| Standard Pressure at 1atm and 0 Degrees Celsius is... |
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Definition
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| Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure |
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Definition
| P Total = P1 + P2 + P3... where P equals amount of pressure. |
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Definition
| Attractive forces in ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds. |
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Definition
| Forces of attraction between particles. |
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| Attraction between temporary dipoles formed by repelling electron clouds. Occurs between all particles and are stronger with more electrons. |
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Definition
| Attractions between opposite regions in polar molecules. Stronger than dispersion forces of equal sized particles. |
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Definition
| Dipole-dipole attraction when hydrogen is bonded to a highly electronegative atom. Is the strongest intermolecular force and explains properties of water like high boiling point and high surface tension. |
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| Liquids volume and shape is... |
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Definition
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| Liquid is how much more dense than gas? |
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Definition
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| Liquids can be compressed how much? |
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Definition
| Only a very small amount. |
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Definition
| Measure of the resistance to flow, determined by intermolecular forces. |
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Definition
| Energy required to change the surface area. |
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| Movement of water because of cohesion and adhesion. |
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| The intermolecular forces of solids are... |
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Definition
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| Particles of solids move as... |
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Definition
| Vibrations in a fixed location. |
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Definition
| Orderly arrangement of molecules. |
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Definition
| Very low melting points (noble gases). |
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Definition
| Medium melting points, soft (water, sugar). |
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| Multiple covalent bonds, very high melting points, very hard (graphite, diamond). |
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| Hard, brittle, high melting points (salt). |
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Definition
| Positive metal ions in a sea or mobile electrons. |
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Definition
| No orderly arrangement (glass, rubber, plastic). |
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Definition
| Pressure exerted by a vapor over a liquid. |
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Definition
| Shows phases at various temperatures and pressures. |
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Definition
| Temperature and pressure where all phases coexist. |
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