Term
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Definition
| The numbers or information collected in a study or experiment |
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Term
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Definition
| Any characteristic of a person or thing that can be expressed as a number (unless categorical) |
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Definition
| Numerical Values for which arithmetic operations make sense |
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Definition
| Simply records which category a person or thing falls |
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Definition
| methods of organizing, displaying, and describing data using tables, graphs, and summary measures |
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Term
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Definition
| uses collected data to make generalizations about the entire group. Produces answers to specific questions and a statement of how confident we can be that the answer is correct. |
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Definition
| The entire group to be studied |
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Definition
| the part of the population actually examined |
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Term
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Definition
| a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a sample |
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Term
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Definition
| A numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population |
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Term
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Definition
| values are only isolated points on the number line |
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Definition
| values form an entire interval on the number line (measurement is often used) |
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Term
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Definition
| no treatment is assigned, the researchers merely observe a characteristic |
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Term
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Definition
| uses a deliberate treatment to observe the response and measure its effect |
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Term
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Definition
| when many variables confuse the ability to determine the cause of a characteristic. If this happens, an experiment is more appropriate. |
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Definition
| an attempt to include the entire population |
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Definition
| when a study systematically favors certain outcomes (selection, measurement, nonresponse) |
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Term
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Definition
| the use of chance to assign subjects to different treatments to reduce bias |
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Term
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Definition
| every unit has an equal chance of being selected and all combinations of subjects are possible |
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Term
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Definition
| the population is divided into groups, then an SRS is selected from each group |
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Term
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Definition
| a system such as choosing every fourth subject is used |
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Term
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Definition
| explains the observed outcome |
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Term
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Definition
| measures an outcome of a study |
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Term
| lurking (extraneous) variable |
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Definition
| a variable that has an important effect on the response but is not included among the explanatory variables studied; most statisticians refer to this as a confounding variable. |
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Term
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Definition
| based on haphazardly selected individual cases that are striking in some way |
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Term
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Definition
| objects on which the experiment is performed |
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Definition
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Definition
| the specific experimental process applied to each case |
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Definition
| a group given no treatment or a sham treatment |
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Term
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Definition
| a dummy or sham treatment such as a sugar pill |
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Term
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Definition
| a block is a group that is known to be similar before the experiment in some way that is expected to affect the response to the treatment. Blocking separates the units to reduce variation. |
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Term
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Definition
| neither the subject nor the evaluators know which treatment the subject receives |
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Term
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Definition
| a difference too large to be attributed to chance |
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Term
| voluntary response samples |
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Definition
| only those who choose to respond are evaluated; usually very biased |
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