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| patterns of stars that representd mythological animals or characters |
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| amount of light actually given off by a star |
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| amount of light received on Earth from a star |
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| unit representing the distance light travels in one year- about 9.5 trilion km- used to record distances between stars and galaxies |
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| layer of the Sun's atmosphere above te photoshpere |
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| lowest layer ofhe Sun's atmosphere; gives off light and has temperatures of about 6,000K |
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| outermost, largest layer off the Sun's atmosphere; extends millions of kilometers into space and has temperatres up to 2 milion K |
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| areas on the Sun's surface that are cooler and less bright than surrounding areas, are caused by the Sun's magnetic field, and occur in cycles |
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| huge, arching columns of gas that blast material from the Sun into space at speeds ranging from 600 km/s to more than 1000 km/s |
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| violent eruptions tht are caused when gases near a sunspot sometimes brighten suddenly and shoot outward at a high speed |
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| large amnounts of electronically charged gas that are carried to Earth by solar wind; disturb radio communication and can damage stellites in orbit around the Earth |
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| The main sequence is a continuous and distinctive band of stars that appear on plots of stellar color versus brightness |
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| large cloud of gas and dust; beginning ofa main seqence star |
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| late stage in the life of comparatively low-mass main sequence star i which hydrogen in the core is deleted, the core contracts and temperatures insde the star increase, causing its outer layers to expand and coo |
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| late stage n the life of a comparatively low-mass main sequence star; formed when its core depletes its helium and its outer layers escape into space, eaving behind a hot, dene core |
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| forms when heavier and heavier elements form b fusion, and th star expands into a supergiant; it eventually forms an iron core |
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| collapsed core of a supernova that can shrink to about 20 km in diameter and contains oly neutrons in the dense core |
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| formed when the core of the supergiant collapses violently, and a shock wave traves outward through the the star; the outer potion of the star explodes, forming a supenova; can be millions otimes brighter than the original star |
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| final stage in the evolution of a very massive star, wherethe core's mass collapses to point that its gravity is so strong that not even light can escape |
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