Term
| reflexive contraction of the intra-aural muscles in response to loud sound, dominated by the stapedius muscle in humans |
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Definition
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Term
Acoustic Reflex:
-Stapedius muscle contraction is an ___ reflex; stimulating one ear results in contraction for ___ ears
-Stiffens the __ __ & ___ in both ears
-When stapedius contracts, a rocking motion is made which pulls ___ down & out of the ___ window
-___ ossicular chain, decreases admittance (mostly
for low frequencies)
-We measure the decrease in admittance in an ___
or ___ configuration |
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Definition
| obligatory; both; TM; ossicles; stapes; oval; Stiffens; ipsilateral; contralateral |
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Term
Reflexes: Functions
-___ intense sounds (LFs); ___ inner ear
-Gain control that makes ___ ___ transmission optimal
-___ sounds from the body such as chewing, swallowing, & vocalizing |
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Definition
| Reduces; protects; LF; Dampens |
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Term
| ear in which the immittance change is being monitored (measurement probe) |
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Definition
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Term
| ear receiving the stimulus (activator signal) to elicit reflex |
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Definition
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Term
| pathway of the auditory periphery & brainstem through which the acoustic stapedial reflex travels, from CN VIII through the SOC to CN VII |
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Definition
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Term
| pertains to the conduction of the ascending nervous system tracts from peripheral to central |
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Definition
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Term
| pertaining to the conduction of the descending nervous system tracts from central to peripheral |
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Definition
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Term
BBN:
-ARTs for BBN are __-__ dB less than for pure
tones
-Start testing around ___ dB HL |
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Definition
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Term
| lowest intensity level of a stimulus at which an acoustic reflex is detected |
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Definition
| acoustic reflex threshold |
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Term
ARTs & Hearing Loss:
-In normal-hearing ears: average ARTs for pure tones is ___-___ dB HL
-If audiometric thresholds for stimulus ear are below 50 or
55 dB HL (& no CHL), ARTs are present below ___ dB HL
-If audiometric thresholds > 80 dB HL, will ___ likely see ARTs
-If thresholds between 50-80 dB HL, will see ___ ARTs in proportion to the loss |
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Definition
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Term
-Reflexes often absent at the ___ stimulus levels even with minimal loss (Wylie & Fowler, 1997)
-Reflexes often absent with ___ __ disorder
-If ME disorder AU, ipsilateral & contralateral reflexes ___ in both ears
-Reflexes may be absent in some persons (rare) |
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Definition
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Term
| ART or acoustic reflex decay testing have potential to cause ___ &/or ___ ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the most reliable predictor of ME pathology? |
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Definition
| combining reflexes, tymps, static admittance, and gradient |
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Term
-With ME disorder, ARTs are absent ___ in the ear measured with the probe & ___ contralaterally with the stimulus in the ear with the CHL
-CHL in the stimulus ear reduces the effective ___ of the stimulus
-ARTs are elevated ___ to the amount of CHL
-CHL as little as ___ dB is enough to cause reflex to be absent |
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Definition
| ipsilaterally; elevated; intensity; equal; 20 |
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Term
| What are the reflexes like for mild middle ear dysfunction in right ear? |
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Definition
| absent ipsi and contra right, normal ipsi left, elevated contra right |
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Term
-Reflex pattern for cochlear loss is a “___ effect”
-Reflexes elevated or absent when the stimulus is applied to the ___ ear, regardless of which ear is being monitored by the (measurement) probe |
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Definition
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Term
Facial Nerve disorder:
-“___ effect”: reflexes absent in affected ear monitored by the ___, regardless of whether the R or L is stimulated |
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Definition
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Term
| What are reflexes like in brainstem disorder? |
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Definition
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Term
| structural or functional pathologic change in body tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| neoplasm that exerts its influence by growing & impinging on neural tissues, as opposed to a lesion cause by trauma, ischemia, or inflammation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| tumor that originates within the brainstem |
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Definition
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Term
| history & physical; preliminary examination in medical assessment |
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Definition
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Term
| outcome or condition that is designated as the criterion against which the test characteristics of all other measures are compared; a “truth” against which to compare sensitivity & specificity of diagnostic measures |
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Definition
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Term
| brain injury in which the primary cause is blunt trauma rather than penetrating wound, CVA, neoplasm, etc. |
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Definition
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Term
| surgical prosthesis used in tympanoplasty to aid in reconstruction of the ossicular chain |
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Definition
| Partial ossicular replacement prosthesis (PORP) |
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Term
| surgical prosthesis used in tympanoplasty to reconstruct the ossicular chain |
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Definition
| total ossicular replacement pprsthesis |
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Term
-For losses up to about 50 dB HL, ARTs are ___ as for
normal ears
-For losses greater than 80 dB HL, ARTs are generally ___
-As loss increases above 50 dB HL, ARTs become ___ in
dB HL values |
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Definition
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Term
Right 8th Nerve Disorder:
-watch for ___ effect
-Watch for ___ reflexes that do not agree with the amount of hearing loss |
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Definition
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Term
| measure of auditory adaptation |
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Definition
| acoustic reflex decay test |
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Term
Acoustic Reflex Decay test:
a signal is presented at ___ dB above an ART & the amplitude is
monitored for a clinically significant reduction of over 50% of
initial amplitude within ___ seconds of stimulus onset |
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Definition
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Term
Decay:
-1. diminution of the ___ properties of a stimulus; 2. diminution of ___ or function |
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Definition
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Term
| speed with which amplitude of a sound diminishes |
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Definition
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Term
Acoustic Reflex Decay Interpretation:
-Positive Decay: if reflex shows fatigue (greater than 50% decay in amplitude before 10 seconds) then suggests possible ___ disorder
-In cochlear pathology: may see decay less than ___% |
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Definition
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Term
SPAR:
-Test method that attempts to predict hearing sensitivity by measuring the differences between acoustic reflex thresholds to ___ ___ vs. ___ (BBN) |
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Definition
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