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Stage Lighting - THTR 250
Theatre Class
76
Art/Design
Undergraduate 4
11/02/2008

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Cards

Term
Lighting Designer
Definition
- LD
- Artistic interpretation of the lighting
- Creates light plot and initial paperwork
- Guides focus of lights
- Builds light cues
Term
Assistant Lighting Designer
Definition
- ALD
- Might focus some of the plot
- Second set of eyes – takes notes during tech rehearsals
- More responsibilities in professional/freelance setting
- Gets the coffee
Term
Master Electrician
Definition
- ME
- Implements the lighting design
- Preps inventory and space
- Supervises all crews
- Keeps paperwork up to date
- Fixes physical notes during rehearsal process
- Runs dimmer/channel check prior to performances
Term
Hang Crew
Definition
- Places lights in correct positions according to plot
- Often same as focus crew
Term
Focus Crew
Definition
- Points and shapes lights under direction of LD
- often same as hang crew
Term
Light Board Operator
Definition
- part of the running crew
- LBO
Term
Followspot Operator
Definition
- Spot Op.
- Part of Running crew
Term
Deck Electrician
Definition
- Deck Elec.
- Part of Running Crew
- responsible for lighting effects during a performance
Term
Running Crew
Definition
responsible for the operation of the lighting system, and comprised of:

- Light Board Operator
- Followspot Operator
- Deck electritian
Term
Batten
Definition
- Horizontal pipe
- Most common over stage space
- Also found above audience
Term
Truss
Definition
- Horizontal position
- Most common in concert venues
Term
Ladder
Definition
- Vertical hanging position suspended from above
- Used for mid angle side light
Term
Boom
Definition
- Vertical hanging position supported from floor
- Low side light
Term
Tormentor
Definition
Vertical pipe attached to theater architecture
Term
F.O.H.
Definition
- Front of House
- Any location in audience
Term
Front of House Positions
Definition
- Coves
- Box Booms
- Balcony Rail
- Booth/Followspot Booth
Term
Coves
Definition
- battens in ceiling
- Front light
Term
Box Booms
Definition
- In old box seats or where they would be
- Angled front light
- often lower angle than coves
Term
Balcony Rail
Definition
- lights hung off the front of a balcony
- Low front light
Term
Electrics
Definition
- Any batten with lights & circuits
- Numbered downstage to upstage
Term
Footlights
Definition
- also known as Apron Lights
- Floor mounted at front of stage
Term
Groundrow
Definition
- Floor mounted upstage
- typically used to light cyc/drops
Term
Hanging Locations
Definition
- Front of House
- Coves
- Box Booms
- Balcony Rail
- Followspot Booth
- Electrics
- Side Ladders
- Booms
- Torms
- Footlights
- Groundrow
Term
Picture of Lighting Positions
Definition
[image]
Term
Grocery List
Definition
list of things you want on your light plot
Term
Types of Dimming
Definition
- Mechanical
- Electrical
- Resistance
- Autotransformer
- Electronic
Term
Mechanical Dimming
Definition
- Candles, Oil Lamps
Term
Types of Electrical Dimming
Definition
- Resistance
- Auto-transformer
- electronic
Term
Resistance Dimming
Definition
- Large metal plates with different length wires and internal contacts
- Changing contact points alters resistance & amount of electricity to lamp
- Big & heavy. Generates lots of heat
- Requires many operators in location not visible to stage
- Load on dimmer must equal dimmer capacity
- Necessitates “ghost load”
Term
Autotransformer
Definition
- Uses electromagnetic forces to create varible currents
- Smaller, more compact – still heavy
- Smoother dimming
- No need for ghost load
- Lots of electric cables running to and from
Term
Electronic Dimming
Definition
- Uses Silicon controlled rectifier (SCR)
- Small and lightweight
- Allows for greater # of dimmers in smaller space
- Paves way for dimmer per circuit
- Can be controlled remotely
- Operator can be in view of stage with dimmers in a distant location
- With computers, much greater control & flexibility
Term
Silicon controlled rectifier
Definition
- SCR
- Super fast switch turning on/off to control amount of electricity flowing through circuit
Term
Basic Control System Diagram
Definition
POWER --> DIMMER --> LIGHT BOARD
_________________--> PATCH --> INSTRUMENT
Term
Types of Control Boards
Definition
- Computer board
- Pre-set board
- Resistance Dimmer board
- Auto Transformer board
Term
McCandless Lighting
Definition
- Front light placed at 45° angles to area, both horizontaly and vertically
- High angled Back-light
- Typically one warm and one cool
- Adds shadows and dimensionality
Term
Arena/Thrust Lighting
Definition
Three, Four, and Five Point Lighting
Term
Common Approach to Dance Lighting
Definition
- Low side light primary source
- Heavy use of saturates particularly in down/back washes
- More opportunity for expressive design
Term
McCandless Variations
Definition
- Add a neutral Center at a 45 degree down angle
- Add a light at each 45 degree, wcwc
Term
Light Plot Elements
Definition
- Exact instrument placement, type and size, color
- Instrument key
- Instrument annotation key
- Title block
- Show title
- Scale of drawing
- Designer
- Date
- Plan of theatre with lighting positions
Term
Light Plot Styles
Definition
USITT
- All information for a light included on plot (Inst. number, Focus, Color, Circuit, Dimmer, Channel)
- Can become cluttered and hard to read

BROADWAY
- Plot supplies placement and color (sometimes channel)
- All other information supplied in other paperwork
- Cleaner look, easier to follow
- Requires finding information in other documents
Term
Paperwork
Definition
Instrument Schedule
Channel Hookup
Cue List
Magic Sheet
Term
Instrument Schedule
Definition
spreadsheet of lighting info arranged by instrument
- instrument type
- color/gobo
- dimmer
- purpose
Term
Cue List
Definition
details when each cue will happen and the desired look
Term
Magic Sheet
Definition
A quick reference guide to channels
Term
Channel Hookup
Definition
same information as instrument schedule only arranged by channel
Term
How to Hang a Light
Definition
1. make sure you have the G.O. from the fly rail to the load pipe
2. Secure the fixture
3. Orient the fixture
4. Safety-Chain and prep the fixture
5. Circuit the fixture
6. Double check
Term
Function/ Goals of Lighting Design
Definition
- Mood
- Visibility
- Composition
- Realism/Plausibility
- Reinforcement
Term
Controllable Factors of Light
Definition
- Distributin
- Intensity
- Color
- Beam Quality
- Structure / Form
- Movement
Term
Electrical Current
Definition
The flow of electric charge, measured in amperes
Term
Ampere
Definition
- Number of electrons moving past a point in one second
- rate of flow
- electrical current
Term
Voltage
Definition
- Difference in charge between two points on a circuit
- Electrical Potential
- The force or "push" that moves electrons.
- Electromotive Force
Term
Wattage
Definition
- Measure of Power
- Rate of work done by a device
Term
Resistance
Definition
- Measured in Ohms
- How much difficulty the current has passing through the circuit
Term
Ohms Law
Definition
- The amount of resistance is inversely related to rate of flow (amperage)
- R=V/A - R=E/I
Term
Power Formula
Definition
- W=VA west virginia
- P=IE pie
Term
Single Phase Electricity
Definition
- 2 Wire
- 120 V
- One hot leg, One neutral
- most common
Term
Two Phase Electricity
Definition
- 3 Wire
- 240 V
- Two hot legs, one neutral
Term
Three Phase Electricity
Definition
- 4 Wire
- Three hot legs, one neutral
- 208 V
Term
Two types of CIRCUITS
Definition
Series Circuits - Devices place one after another directly in a loop.

Parallel Circuits - electricity flows to devices simultaneously.
Term
12/3 Cable
Definition
- Has three wires, each are 12 gauge
- 20 Amps
- lower gauge = bigger wire = more capacity
Term
Law of Specular Reflection
Definition
Angle of reflection = Angle of incidence
Term
Law of Refraction
Definition
Less dense medium > more dense medium > bends toward the perpendicular

More dense medium > less dense medium > bends away from the perpendicular
Term
Types of Reflectors

PRACTICE DRAWING THESE
Definition
- Spherical: parallel and spreading rays.
- Parabolic: parallel rays
- Ellipsoidal: all rays pass through the secondary focal point, then they spread
Term
Types of Lenses

PRACTICE DRAWING THESE
Definition
- Plano-convex: creates parallel rays
- Fresnel: spreading rays
- Step: produces ring pattern
Term
Parts of an ERS

PRACTICE WITH THE VISUAL
Definition
- Clamp Mount
- Yolk
- Shutter Assembly
- Pattern Holder Slot
- Lens Focus Knob
- Color Frame Holder
- Lens Assembly
- Reflector Assembly
- Lamp
- Socket
- Alignment Screws
- Power Feed
Term
parts of a Fresnel

PRACTICE WITH VISUAL
Definition
- Clamp Mount
- Yoke
- Lens Holder Retaining Knob
- Color Frame Holder
- Lens Assembly with Spring Ring
- Socket
- Focus Adjustment Knob
- Lamp
- Power Feed
- Reflector
Term
Parts of Lamp
Definition
BASE - bayonet, 2-pin, screw, prefocus

BULB - Pear shape, tubular, globe, cone

FILAMENT - Coiled coil, biplane, monoplane, barrel
Term
Color Triangle

PRACTICE DRAWING
Definition
Outer Corners: Green, Red, Blue
Mid-lines: Yellow, Magenta, Cyan
Center: white
Term
Complimentary Colors
Definition
A primary color and its opposite secondary color
Term
Hue
Definition
Specific Color
Term
Chroma / Saturation
Definition
Level of purity of a hue
Term
Color Temperature
Definition
- Measures the color of white light
- Measured in degrees Kelvin
- More yellow light = lower color temp
- More blue light = higher color temp
Term
Additive Color Mixing
Definition
Combines two or more wavelengths to create another color
Term
Subtractive Color Mixing
Definition
Removing wavelengths from a source light to create another color
Term
Types of Color Media
Definition
- Colored Liquid
- Glass
- Gelatin
- Plastic
- Dichroic
Term
Different Lighting Angles
Definition
- Frontlight
- Backlight
- Sidelight
- Downlight
- Uplight
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