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ST105 Week 2
Practice Test for Unit
173
Health Care
Professional
09/08/2010
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Term
(Ideal Anesthetic Agent)
For the _____, the ideal agent is rapid-acting, easily reversed, and provides analgesia extending into postoperative period.
 Definition
Patient
Term
(Ideal Anesthetic Agent)
For the _____, the ideal anesthetic agent produces good muscular relaxation and minimum side effects.
 Definition
Surgeon
Term
(Ideal Anesthetic Agent)
For the _____, the ideal anesthetic agent has a wide margin of safety, leaves the body unaltered, is potent, allows a high percentage of oxygen to be used, and has a low level of toxicity.
 Definition
Anesthesiologist
Term
(Preanesthetic Preparation)Preoperative anesthesia assessment should be made by the _____ representative before the scheduled surgery.
 Definition
Anesthesia
Term
(Preoperative Visit)
Explain the effects of the _____
 Definition
Anesthesia
Term

(Preoperative Visit)

Inform the patient of possible _____ _____ and complications from the anesthesia.

 Definition
Side Effects
Term
(Preoperative Visit)
Allow the patient to _____ _____ concerning his/her anesthetic care to alleviate possible fears.
 Definition
Ask Questions
Term
(Preoperative Visit)
Perform a brief history and physical on the patient especially noting any _____; history of liver, kidney, or heart disease, or endocrine disorders; and note the medications that the patient is currently taking.
 Definition
Allergies
Term
(Preoperative Visit)
Evaluate the patient's _____ and _____ such as electrocardiogram and chest x-ray.
 Definition
Laboratory data, and diagnostic studies
Term
(Preoperative Visit)
May order ______
 Definition
Preoperative Medications
Term
(Preoperative Visit)
The surgical patient should ideally be _____ for 6-8 hours prior to the induction of anesthesia to prevent _____ and aspiration of gastric contents.
 Definition

NPO (nothing by mouth)

Vomiting
Term
(Preoperative Visit)
Preoperative medications are usually given _____ (hours) before surgery.
 Definition
1
Term
(T or F Purpose of Pre-op Medications)
To increase preoperative anxiety
 Definition
False
They are given to relieve anxiety
Term
T or F Purpose of Pre-op Medications)
To produce some amnesia
 Definition
True
Term
(T or F Purpose of Pre-op Medications)
To increase secretions in respiratory tract
 Definition
False
They want to decrease secretions into the respiratory tract to avoid aspiration.
Term
(T or F Purpose of Pre-op Medications)
To raise the pain threshold.
 Definition
True
Term
T or F Purpose of Pre-op Medications)
To assist in easier and smoother induction of anesthesia.
 Definition
True
Term
(T or F Purpose of Pre-op Medications)
To inhibit nausea and vomiting.
 Definition
True
Term
(Selection of Pre-Op Meds)
Selection is made by _____
 Definition
Anesthesiologist
Term
(Selection of Pre-Op Meds)
Dependent on patient's _____ and _____
 Definition

  1. Physical condition
  2. Age
  3. Weight
  4. Emotional status
Term
(Selection of Pre-Op Meds)
Also dependent on _____
 Definition

Anesthesiologist's preference

Degree of relaxation necessary
Term
(Classifications of Pre-Meds)
Sedatives and tranquilizers (cause, do not cause) drowsiness.
 Definition
Cause
Term
(Classifications of Pre-Meds)
Sedatives and tranquilizers (counteract, do not counteract) pain
 Definition
Do not counteract
Term
(Classifications of Pre-Meds)
Diazepam (Valium) and Midazolam (Versed) are given for their (antiemetic, sedative) effects.
 Definition
Sedative
Term
(Classifications of Pre-Meds)
Promethazine (Phenegran), Hydroxyzine (Visitaril), and droperidol (Inaspine) are given for their (antiemetic, sedative) effects.
 Definition
Antiemetic
Term
(Classifications of Pre-Meds)
Narcotic analgesics (reduce, do not reduce) the perception of pain.
 Definition
reduce
Term
(Classifications of Pre-Meds)
Narcotics raise the pain threshold and (decrease, increase) the amount of anesthesia needed during the operation.
 Definition
Decrease
Term
(Classifications of Pre-Meds)
An example of synthetic opiate is (Secondal, Demerol, Morphine sulfate)
 Definition
Demerol
Term
(Classifications of Pre-Meds)
(Demerol, Morphine sulfate) is more commonly used because it produces fewer undesirable side effects.
 Definition
Demerol
Term
(Classifications of Pre-Meds)
Narcotics may cause nausea, vomiting, urinary retention, and depression of the (endocrine, respiratory) system.
 Definition
Respiratory
Term
(Classifications of Pre-Meds)
Narcotics (are, are not) capable of causing dependence with regular use and (are, are not) classified as controlled substances by the federal government.
 Definition
Are, are
Term
Classifications of Pre-Meds)
Anticholinergic drugs (decrease, increase, have little effect on) mucous secretions in the mouth, respiratory tract, and digestive tract.
 Definition
Decrease
Term
(Classifications of Pre-Meds)
Anticholinergic drugs (decrease, increase, have little effect on) blood pressure.
 Definition
Have little effect on
Term
(Classifications of Pre-Meds)
Anticholinergic drugs (decrease, increase, have little effect on) heart and respiratory rates.
 Definition
Increase
Term
(Classifications of Pre-Meds)
Common anticholinergic drugs include atropine and (Sublimaze, Robinul)
 Definition
Robinul
Term
(T or F, Anesthesia)
Involves the administration of potentially harmless drugs and gases.
 Definition

False

The drugs and gases administered have the potential to be fatal
Term
(T or F, Anesthesia)
Most general anesthetic agents are flammable.
 Definition

False

General anesthetic gases used now are not highly flammable 
Term
(T or F, Anesthesia)
Anesthesiologist provides skilled induction, careful maintenance of anesthesia during procedure, and prevents postoperative complications.
 Definition
True
Term

T/F(Anesthesia)
Anesthesiologist evaluate the following when determining type of anesthetic to use.

 

Patient's age, condition and build

 Definition
True
Term

T/F(Anesthesia)
Anesthesiologist evaluate the following when determining type of anesthetic to use.

 

Patient's preference

 Definition

False

Anesthesiologist's preference

Patient may provide information as to how they reacted to anesthesia in the past which the acp would use in making his/her determination.
Term

T/F(Anesthesia)
Anesthesiologist evaluate the following when determining type of anesthetic to use.

 

Nature of the operation

 Definition
True
Term

T/F(Anesthesia)
Anesthesiologist evaluate the following when determining type of anesthetic to use.

 

Laboratory and x-ray findings

 Definition
True
Term

T/F(Anesthesia)
Anesthesiologist evaluate the following when determining type of anesthetic to use.

 

Pre-existing conditions or diseases

 Definition
True
Term

T/F(Anesthesia)
Anesthesiologist evaluate the following when determining type of anesthetic to use.

 

In emergency surgery, time since patient's last surgery

 Definition

False

 

time since patient last had something to eat
Term

T/F (Anesthesia)
Maintenance of general anesthesia involves:

 

Deepest level of anesthesia must be maintained

 Definition
False
Term

T/F (Anesthesia)
Maintenance of general anesthesia involves:

 

Body must be deprived of oxygen

 Definition

False

 

Oxygen is vital for survival
Term

T/F (Anesthesia)
Maintenance of general anesthesia involves:

 

Patient remains asleep

 Definition
True
Term

T/F (Anesthesia)
Maintenance of general anesthesia involves:

 

 

Patient is free from pain

 Definition
True
Term

T/F (Anesthesia)
Maintenance of general anesthesia involves:

 

 

Muscle relaxation is not present

 Definition

False

Need muscle relaxation to successfully operate
Term

T/F (Anesthesia)
Maintenance of general anesthesia involves:

 

Autonomic reflexes are constantly monitored

 Definition
True
Term
Identify sites involved in the pathway of pain
 Definition

A - Cerebral Cortex

B - Spinal Cord

C - Subarachnoid Space

D - Nerve Endings

Term
(BA, G, L, MAC, R, S, Type of Anesthetics)
Anesthesiologist monitors patient vital signs and may supplement the local anesthesia with intravenous drugs that provide sedation and systemic analgesia
 Definition
MAC
Term
(BA, G, L, MAC, R, S, Type of Anesthetics)
Permeates the entire body and affects all of its functions
 Definition

General

 
Term
(BA, G, L, MAC, R, S, Type of Anesthetics)
Results in loss of consciousness and blockage of the pain-transmitting center of the brain.
 Definition
General
Term
(BA, G, L, MAC, R, S, Type of Anesthetics)
Anesthetic agent is injected in the spinal canal.
 Definition
Spinal
Term
(BA, G, L, MAC, R, S, Type of Anesthetics)
Properties are produced by combining inhalation anesthetic agents with intravenous drugs.
 Definition
Balanced
Term
(BA, G, L, MAC, R, S, Type of Anesthetics)
Pain is controlled by infiltrating the surgical site with local anesthetic.
 Definition
Local
Term
(BA, G, L, MAC, R, S, Type of Anesthetics)
Pain sensation is blocked at a level below the diaphragm
 Definition
Spinal
Term
(BA, G, L, MAC, R, S, Type of Anesthetics)
Patient remains conscious
 Definition
Local, Spinal, Regional, and monitored anesthesia care (MAC)
Term
BA, G, L, MAC, R, S, Type of Anesthetics)
Pain control is obtained by anesthetizing the sensory nerves in one area of region of the body.
 Definition
Regional
Term
(BA, G, L, MAC, R, S, Type of Anesthetics)
Anesthesiologist is not involved in the care of the patient. A registered nurse monitors the patient's vital signs and administers sedative or analgesic drugs as ordered by the surgeon
 Definition
Local
Term
(BA, G, L, MAC, R, S, Type of Anesthetics)
Pain control is obtained by infiltrating the surgical site with a local anesthetic.
 Definition
Local
Term

Distinguish between methods of administering a general anesthetic.   IV or Inhalation

 

Is injected directly into the bloodstream

 Definition
IV
Term

Distinguish between methods of administering a general anesthetic.   IV or Inhalation

 

Involves breathing in anesthesia agents and oxygen which are absorbed into the bloodstream

 Definition
Inhalation
Term

Distinguish between methods of administering a general anesthetic.   IV or Inhalation

 

Is used for short surgical procedures or as an induction agent to be immediately followed by inhalation anesthesia

 Definition
IV
Term
List three inhalations anesthetic agents.
 Definition

Nitrous Oxide (n2o)

Halothane

Enflurane

Isoflurane

Methoxyflurane
Term
List 2 intravenous anesthetic agents
 Definition

Thipental sodium

Thiamylal sodium

Methohexital sodium

Propofol

Ketamine hydrochloride
Term
List the four phases of general anesthesia
 Definition

  1. Induction
  2. Maintenance
  3. Emergence
  4. Recovery
Term

Injected into the cerebrospinal fluid in the subarachnoid space of the lumbar region to block the roots of the spinal nerves; causes massive nerve block and muscle relaxation below the point of injection.

 

Used for surgery on lower portion of the body; injected between 3rd and 4th or 4th and 5th lumbar verebrae

 Definition
Spinal block 
Term

Injected just outside the dura in the epidural space

 

Used for anesthesia of lower limbs or perineal area, and for relief or prolonged pain as with obstetrical patients

 Definition
Epidural Block
Term
Injected into spinal nerves as they emerge through the epidural space
 Definition
Paravertebral block
Term

Injected in and around main nerve trunk at a site between operative site and entry of nerve into spinal cord, causing blockage of painful stimuli to the brain

 

Used for dental work, relief of intractable pain, and procedures on extremeties

 Definition
Nerve Block
Term

Intravenous injection of local anesthetic to an extremity below level of a tourniquet.

 

Used for upper extremity surgery that will last less than an hour.

 

Blood is drained from extremity by compression with a tourniquet; anesthetic drug is injected intravenously.

 Definition
Bier Block
Term

Injected under the skin to anesthetize the nerve endings and nerve fibers

 

Used for minor surgery, excision of small lesions, and dental work

 Definition
Local infiltration block
Term
Directly applied to a mucous membrane to produce insensibility of the nerve endings.
 Definition
Topical anesthetic
Term
List 3 agents used for local or regional anesthesia
 Definition

  1. Cocaine Hydrochloride (cocaine)
  2. Procaine hydrochloride (Novocain)
  3. Lidocaine Hydrochloride (Xylocaine)
  4. Tetracaine Hydrochloride (Pontocaine)
  5. Bupivacaine Hydrocholoride (Marcaine, Sensorcaine
Term
Involves blocking nerve conduction by means of surface cooling of a localized area
 Definition
Cryoanesthesia
Term
Involves cooling of a part or the entire body
 Definition
hypothermia
Term
May be used in cardiac and neurosurgery and for burns and leg amputations
 Definition
hypothermia
Term
Used in topical procedures such as removal of warts and noninvasive surface lesions
 Definition

Cryoanesthesia
Term

(Muscle Relaxant Drugs)
Muscle relaxant drugs are used because some anesthetic gases used during a procedure render the patient unconscious but (do, do not) produce adequate muscle relaxation.

 Definition
Do not
Term
(Muscle Relaxant Drugs)
Muscle relaxants are given in conjunction with the anesthetic gas to allow the degree of muscle (contraction, relaxation) the surgeon needs.
 Definition
Relaxation
Term
(Muscle Relaxant Drugs)
Muscle relaxants are administered intravenously in small dosages at various intervals (before, during) the surgical procedure.
 Definition
During
Term
Muscle Relaxant Drugs)
Muscle relaxants interfere with passage of impulses from (motor, sensory) nerves to skeletal muscles
 Definition
Motor
Term
(Muscle Relaxant Drugs)
using muscle relaxant drugs has (eliminated, initiated) the need for deep inhalation anesthesia to produce muscle relaxation.
 Definition
Eliminated
Term
Muscle Relaxant Drugs)
The chief danger when using muscle relaxants is (circulatory, respiratory) depression.
 Definition
Respiratory
Term
(T or F, Muscle Relaxants/Depolarizing Agents)
No antagonist is available; the drug must be allowed to wear off by itself.
 Definition
True
Term
(T or F, Muscle Relaxants/Depolarizing Agents)
Act similarly to acetylcholine, but for a longer period of time.
 Definition
True
Term
(T or F, Muscle Relaxants/Depolarizing Agents)
Do not cause muscular fasciculations.
 Definition
False
Term
T or F, Muscle Relaxants/Depolarizing Agents)
Cause persistent depolarization that produces fasciculations followed by flaccidity.
 Definition
True
Term
T or F, Muscle Relaxants/Depolarizing Agents)
Common agents used include tubocurarine chloride, gallamine triethiodide, and pancuronium bromide (Pavulon)
 Definition
False
Term
(T or F, Muscle Relaxants/Depolarizing Agents)
Common agents used include succinylcholine chloride (Anectine) and decamethonium bromide (Syncurine)
 Definition
True
Term
T or F, Muscle Relaxants/Depolarizing Agents)
Antagonist used is Neostigmine (Prostigmin)
 Definition
False
Term
(T or F, Muscle Relaxants/Depolarizing Agents)
Bind to cholinergic receptors to prevent the union of acetylcholine to the receptor.
 Definition
False
Term
List four supplemental agents used in conjunction with oxygen to accomplish complete anesthesia.
 Definition

  1. Morphine sulfate
  2. Fentanyl 
  3. Sufentanil citrate
  4. Alfentanil 
  5. Meperidine hydrochloride
  6. Diazepam
  7. Droperidol
Term
List two narcotic antagonist used intraoperatively
 Definition

  1. Naloxone hydrochloride (Narcan)
  2. Nalbuphine hydrochloride
  3. Butorphanol tartrate
  4. Pentazoccine hydrochloride
  5. Burenorphinehydrochloride

 
Term
List five possible complications of anesthesia.
 Definition

  1. Cardiac arrest
  2. respiratory distress
  3. bronchospasm or laryngospasm
  4. vomiting and aspiration
  5. damage to teeth or dental work
  6. eye injury due to drying of cornea
  7. Malignant hyperthermia
Term
(T or F, Malignant Hyperpyrexia-Malignant Hyperthermia)
Is a frequent, life-threatening complication most frequently seen in children and adolescents.
 Definition
False 
Term
(T or F, Malignant Hyperpyrexia-Malignant Hyperthermia)
It may be triggered by drugs commonly used in anesthesia.
 Definition
True
Term
(T or F, Malignant Hyperpyrexia-Malignant Hyperthermia)
It is a contagious disease transmitted by direct contact.
 Definition

False

It is a complication of anesthesia
Term
(T or F, Malignant Hyperpyrexia-Malignant Hyperthermia)
Characteristics include generalized contracture of skeletal muscles, marked temperature elevation, tachycardia, metabolic acidosis, cardiac dysrhythmia, and hypoxia.
 Definition
True
Term
(T or F, Malignant Hyperpyrexia-Malignant Hyperthermia)
May occur during induction or maintenance of anesthesia.
 Definition
True
Term
(T or F, Malignant Hyperpyrexia-Malignant Hyperthermia)
Treatment is the immediate infusion of the drug Dantrolene Sodium
 Definition
True
Term
(T or F, Malignant Hyperpyrexia-Malignant Hyperthermia)
Relatives of persons with malignant hyperthermia should be evaluated and tested for presence of the disease.
 Definition
True
Term
Cardiac Arrest, A, S, CN, or ST)
If the patient is hemorrhaging, keeps suction tubing and suction tips clear and functioning
 Definition
ST
Term
(Cardiac Arrest, A, S, CN, or ST)
Usually directs the resuscitation efforts.
 Definition
A
Term
(Cardiac Arrest, A, S, CN, or ST)
Maintains clear airway by suctioning, intubation, or use of a face mask to administer 100% oxygen under intermittent positive pressure.
 Definition
A
Term
(Cardiac Arrest, A, S, CN, or ST)
Attempts closed chest compressions
 Definition
S
Term
(Cardiac Arrest, A, S, CN, or ST)
May perform open cardiac massage.
 Definition
S
Term
Cardiac Arrest, A, S, CN, or ST)
Attends to the needs of the surgeon and sterile field.
 Definition
ST
Term
(Cardiac Arrest, A, S, CN, or ST)
Has syringes of medications filled and ready to use.
 Definition
ST
Term
(Cardiac Arrest, A, S, CN, or ST)
May do tracheostomy.
 Definition
S
Term
(Cardiac Arrest, A, S, CN, or ST)
Activates emergency assistance alarm.
 Definition
CN
Term
Cardiac Arrest, A, S, CN, or ST)
Obtains needed equipment such as defibrillator cart and medications.
 Definition
CN
Term
(Cardiac Arrest, A, S, CN, or ST)
Maintains accuracy of sponge and needle count.
 Definition
CN
Term
Cardiac Arrest, A, S, CN, or ST)
If resuscitation measures are unsuccessful, follows hospital policy in regard to death protocol.
 Definition
CN
Term
Cardiac Arrest, A, S, CN, or ST)
Remains sterile and protects sterile field.
 Definition
ST
Term
(Cardiac Arrest, A, S, CN, or ST)
Accounts for sponges, needles, and instruments.
 Definition
ST
Term
Special machine used to deliver oxygen and anesthetic gases to the patient through a breathing system
 Definition
Anesthesia machine with gas delivery system.
Term
Device for visualizing and recording electrical activity of the heart
 Definition

EKG

Electrocardiogram monitor
Term
Computers that monitor patient's vital functions; may be noninvasive or invasive
 Definition
Hemodynamic Monitors
Term
Sensor Probe clipped to a pulsating vascular bed that measures arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation
 Definition
Pulse monitor
Term
Continuous auscultation of chest sounds to detect pulmonary and cardiac sounds
 Definition
Stethoscopy
Term
Discuss the care of the anesthetized patient
 Definition

Patients must be positioned properly to avoid pressure points, compression of nerves, or interference of respirations or circulation to an extremity  DO NOT LEAN ON THE PATIENT DURING SURGERY.

 

Change patient's positon slowly and gently to allow for adjustment of circulatory system.

Patients must be transferred to the carrier carefully and gently to avoid straining muscles and ligaments; the anesthesiologist protects the patient's neck and head.  They call the move.

 

Hearing is the last sensation to go out so you must be aware of what you say because the patient can hear you.
Term
´aá
 Definition
of each
Term
ad
 Definition
to
Term
amp
 Definition
ampule
Term
aq
 Definition
water (think aqua)
Term
aq dist
 Definition
distilled water
Term
cap
 Definition
capsule
Term
cc
 Definition
cubic centimeter
Term
comp
 Definition
compound
Term
DC
 Definition
Discontinue
Term
dr
 Definition
dram
Term
EC
 Definition

enteric coated

 

(like pills)
Term
ext
 Definition
extract
Term
Fe
 Definition
iron
Term
Fld or f
 Definition
fluid
Term
gm
 Definition
gram
Term
gr
 Definition
grain
Term
gtt
 Definition
drops
Term
H or hypo
 Definition
hypodermic
Term
h
 Definition
hour
Term
IM
 Definition
intramuscular
Term
IV
 Definition
Intravenous
Term
L
 Definition
liter
Term
liq
 Definition
LIQUID
Term
mg
 Definition
milligram
Term
Pcn
 Definition
Penicillin
Term
OD
 Definition
right eye
Term
ol
 Definition
oil
Term
OU
 Definition
both eyes
Term
OS
 Definition
left eye
Term
os
 Definition
mouth
Term
oz
 Definition
ounce
Term

per

 

 

 Definition

through, by

 

(hint: think of per mouth, per IV, per injection)
Term
po, per os
 Definition
by mouth
Term
pre-op
 Definition
preoperative
Term
pil
 Definition
pill
Term
prn
 Definition
as needed
Term
q
 Definition
every
Term
qh
 Definition
every hour
Term
qs
 Definition
quantity sufficient
Term
R
 Definition
rectal
Term
Rx
 Definition
take
Term
sc or subcu
 Definition
subcutaneous
Term
sol
 Definition
solution
Term
ss
 Definition
one-half
Term
sp
 Definition
spirit
Term
tr, tinc
 Definition
tincture
Term
u or U
 Definition
unit
Term
ml
 Definition
milliliter
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