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ST-111 Week 1
Circulatory System
201
Health Care
Professional
12/08/2008

Additional Health Care Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Blood
Definition
The fluid that circulates through the heart and the blood vessels
Term
Cardiac
Definition
Pertaining to the heart
Term
Cardiology
Definition
The study of the heart
Term
Circulatory System
Definition
The system through which the nutrient fluids of the body circulate
Term
Coagulation
Definition
The process of clotting
Term
Embolus
Definition
Clot of plus usually part of a thrombus brought by the blood to another vessel and forced into a smaller one thus obstructing circulation
Term
Gamma Globulin
Definition
a protein formed in the blood which is related to the ability to resist infection
Term
Hematology
Definition
The science concerned with blood and the blood-forming tissues
Term
Hemoglobin
Definition
The iron-containing pigment of the red blood cells
Term
Hemolysis
Definition
the destruction of red blood cells with liberation of hemoglobin into the surrounding fluid
Term
Hemophilia
Definition
a sex-linked hereditary blood disease in which blood fails to clot and abnormal bleeding occurs
Term
Hemorrhage
Definition
abnormal internal or external bleeding
Term
Hemostasis
Definition
arrest of bleeding or of circulation
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
state of equilibrium of the internal environment
Term
Peripheral
Definition
Pertaining to the outer part or surface of the body; part away from the center
Term
Phlebitis
Definition
Inflammation of the veins usually in the lower limbs
Term
Pulmonary
Definition
involving the lungs
Term
Systemic
Definition
pertaining to the whole body rather than to one of its parts
Term
Thrombus
Definition
a solid mass formed in the living heart or vessels from constituents of the blood; attached to the wall of the vessel
Term
Transfusion
Definition
injection of the blood of one person into the blood vessels of another
Term
Varicose Veins
Definition
swollen, distended knotted veins, usually in subcutaneous tissue of the legs
Term
Vasoconstriction
Definition
narrowing the caliber of blood vessels
Term
Vasodilation
Definition
widening of blood vessels
Term
List three functions of the circulatory system.
Definition
Transport various substance to and from body cells such as O2, CO2, food, water, chemicals, hormones, and waste. Protects body from invading microorganisms. helps regulate body temp. ultimately maintains homeostasis
Term
Red bone marrow
Definition
Forms blood cells and hemoglobin
Term
Spleen
Definition
forms lymphocytes stoes 350-500 cc's of red blood cells. Filters dead red blood cells
Term
Heart
Definition
Pumps blood into the arteries
Term
Blood Vessels
Definition
carry blood to and from the heart, and thus carry oxygen and nutritive materials to the body and remove products of metabolism
Term
Lymphatic vessels and nodes
Definition
carry lymph and tissue fluid, help to filter the blood, and manufacture lymphocytes
Term
White blood cells
Definition
ingest and digest foreign particulates in blood, form antibodies, and release heparin which prevents intravascular clotting
Term
Blood platelets
Definition
initiate blood clotting
Term
Blood Plasma
Definition
liquid part of blood which serves as source of nutrition and a means of removing waste products from the body cells
Term
Red Blood Cells
Definition
transports respiratory gases CO2 and O2
Term
(Red Blood Cells)
(Clear, Red), minute, disk-shaped cells with central area thinner than the edges
Definition
Red
Term
(Red Blood Cells)
Very (rigid, flexible)
Definition
flexiable
Term
(Red Blood Cells)
Mature cells contain (one, no) nucleus.
Definition
no
Term
(Red Blood Cells)
Transports (liquids, respiratory gases)
Definition
respiratory gases
Term
(Red Blood Cells)
Hemoglobin is the (carbon-dioxide-, oxygen-) carrying red pigment of the red blood cells.
Definition
oxygen
Term
(Red Blood Cells)
Formed in (yellow, red) bone marrow in skull, vertabrae, ribs, sternum, and proximal epiphysis of femure and humerus.
Definition
red
Term
(Red Blood Cells)
Formed (continually, once a day)
Definition
continually
Term
(Red Blood Cells)
Life span is (7, 120) days
Definition
120
Term
(Red Blood Cells)
Break apart or rupture in the capillaries of the (heart, liver) and/or the spleen.
Definition
liver
Term
(White Blood Cells)
Appearance - (red, colorless) ameboid-like cells
Definition
colorless
Term
(White Blood Cells)
Types include neutrophils, lymphocytes (monocytes, erythrocytes), basophils, and eosinophils.
Definition
monocytes
Term
(White Blood Cells)
Functions include (pinocytosis, phagocytosis), formation of antibodies, and release of heparin.
Definition
phagocytosis
Term
(White Blood Cells)
Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are formed in the (lymph nodes, red bone marrow)
Definition
red bone marrow
Term
(White Blood Cells)
Life span is 1 - (12, 120) days
Definition
12
Term
(Characteristics of Platelets)
Plateletes are
(1) Diamon-shaped disks
(2) Triangular-shaped disks
(3) Round or oval disks
(4) Round of oval spheres (balls)
Definition
round or oval disks
Term
(Characteristics of Platelets)
The function of the platelets is to
(1) Secrete Hormones
(2) Initiate clotting mechanism
(3) Secrete Heparin
(4) Keep blood from clotting
Definition
initiate clotting mechanism
Term
(Characteristics of Platelets)
Platelets are formed in the
(1) Liver
(2) Heart
(3) Endocrine glands
(4) Red bone marrow
Definition
red bone marrow
Term
(Characteristics of blood)
Unoxygenated blood carried by veins is
(1) Purple or deep red
(2) Light red
Definition
purple or deep red
Term
(Characteristics of blood)
Oxygenated blood carried by arteries is
(1) Purple or deep red
(2) Bright red
Definition
bright red
Term
(Characteristics of blood)
Blood tastes
(1) Slightly bitter
(2) Slightly sweet
(3) Slightly salty
(4) Slightly sour
Definition
slightly salty and metalic
Term
(Characteristics of blood)
Blood is composed of
(1) 45% plasma, 55% cells
(2) 90% plasma, 10% cells
(3) 10% plasma, 90% cells
(4) 45% cells, 55% plasma
Definition
45% cells, 55% plasma
Term
(Characteristics of blood)
Blood Contains
(1) 78% water, 22% solids
(2) 90% water, 10% solids
(3) 98% water, 2% solids
(4) 50% water, 50% solids
Definition
78% water, 22% solids
Term
(Characteristics of blood)
The amount of blood
(1) Never varies
(2) Varies with nationality
(3) Varies with race
(4) Varies with weight
Definition
Varies with weight
Term
(Characteristics of blood)
The amount of blood
(1) Never varies
(2) Varies with nationality
(3) Varies with race
(4) Varies with weight
Definition
Varies with weight
Term
State the composition of blood plasma and their percentages
Definition
Water-90%,Solutes 10%
Term
(T or F, concerning Rh Factor)
About 50% of all individuals have another red cell protein (antigen) called Rh factor and are "Rh positive"
Definition
False, About 85% of all individuals have another red cell protein called Rh factor and are "Rh positive"
Term
(T or F, concerning Rh Factor)
50% of all individuals do not have this protein (antigen) and are "Rh negative"
Definition
False, 15% of all individuals do not have this protein and are "Rh Negative"
Term
(T or F, concerning Rh Factor)
When Rh positive blood is given to an Rd negative person, the recipient can produce counteracting proteins called antibodies, which will destroy erythrocytes from Rh positive blood.
Definition
True
Term
(T or F, concerning Rh Factor)
An Rh negative mother may be sensitized by proteins from an Rh positive baby
Definition
Term
(T or F, concerning Rh Factor)
During a later pregnancy, the mother's antibodies may pass into the blood of the unborn infant, and cause erythoblastosis fetalis, a desctruction of the baby's erythrocytes. The baby would require a complete blood replacement with Rh negative blood.
Definition
True
Term
(4 Blood Groups)
Type O
Donates to _____
Receives _____
Definition
Donates AB,A, B, O
Receives O
Universal Donor
Term
(4 Blood Groups)
Type A
Donates to _____
Receives _____
Definition
Donates A, AB
Receives A, O
Term
(4 Blood Groups)
Type B
Donates to _____
Receives _____
Definition
Dontes B, AB
Receives B, O
Term
(4 Blood Groups)
Type AB
Donates to _____
Receives _____
Definition
Universal Recipient
Donates to AB
Receives AB, A, B, O
Term
(Blood Clotting)
When cells are injured, _____ release thromboplastin
Definition
Plateletes
Term
(Blood Clotting)
When cells are injured, _____ release thromboplastin
Definition
Plateletes
Term
(Blood Clotting)
Liver releases prothrombin and _____
Definition
Fibrogin
Term
(Blood Clotting)
Prothrombin and thromboplastin form _____
Definition
thrombin
Term
(Blood Clotting)
Thrombin plus fibrinogen form _____, a network of fine threads which catch red blood cells.
Definition
fibrin
Term
(Blood Clotting)
Network becomes a _____, called a thrombus
Definition
Blood Clot
Term
(Structure of the heart)
A (two-, four-) chambered hollow, muscular organ, shaped roughly like a man's closed fist.
Definition
Four
Term
(Structure of the heart)
Weighs 250-350 (milligrams, grams)
Definition
Grams
Term
(Structure of the heart)
Lies in the mediastinum suspended by the great vessels with approximately two-thirds of its mass to the (left, right) of the midline of the body
Definition
Left
Term
(Structure of the heart)
Lower border is called the (base, apex) and lies on the (liver, diaphragm) pointing to the left.
Definition
Apex, Diaphragm
Term
(Structure of the heart)
Upper border is called the (base, apex) and lies below the 2nd rib.
Definition
base,
Term
(Structure of the heart)
(Myocardium, Septum) goes from base to apex to divide into right and left halves.
Definition
septum
Term
(Structure of the heart)
Right half contains (arterial, venous) blood, and left half contains (arterial, venous) blood.
Definition
venous, arterial
Term
(Structure of the heart)
Halves are divided by (septum, valves) into upper and lower resulting in four chambers.
Definition
valves
Term
(Structure of the heart)
Is composed of (three, four) distinct layers.
Definition
three
Term
(Covering of the heart)
Is called the peridcardium and consists of (two, three) parts
Definition
two
Term
(Covering of the heart)
The (parietal, visceral) pericardium is the outer fibrous layer which forms the loose fitting sac in which the heart lies.
Definition
parietal
Term
(Covering of the heart)
The (parietal, visceral) pericardium is the inner serous layer
Definition
visceral
Term
(Covering of the heart)
The (pericardial, visceral) space lies between the two layers
Definition
pericardial
Term
(Covering of the heart)
(Serous fluid, Mucus) fills this space.
Definition
Serous Fluid
Term
(Covering of the heart)
An (insufficient, excessive) amount of fluid in this space is called pericardial effusion.
Definition
excessive
Term
(Covering of the heart)
Inflammation of the pericardium is called (pericarditis, carditis)
Definition
pericarditis
Term
Endocardium
Definition
Lines the inner surface of the chambers of the heart, and covers the valves within the heart
Term
Epicardium
Definition
Serous membrance adherent to the outside
Term
Myocardium
Definition
Main substance of the heart, specially constructed of cardiac muscle tissue, contracts to decrease the size of the heart and force blood out of its chambers
Term
(Atria or Ventricles, Left or Right)
Lower chambers
Definition
Ventricle
Term
(Atria or Ventricles, Left or Right)
Upper Chambers
Definition
Atrium
Term
(Atria or Ventricles, Left or Right)
R or L - Receives oxygenated blood
Definition
Left Atrium
Term
(Atria or Ventricles, Left or Right)
R or L - Pumps oxygenated blood to tissue
Definition
Left Ventricle
Term
(Atria or Ventricles, Left or Right)
R or L - Receives deoxygenated blood
Definition
Right Atrium
Term
(Atria or Ventricles, Left or Right)
Receiving chambers
Definition
Atrium
Term
(Atria or Ventricles, Left or Right)
Pumping chambers
Definition
Ventricles
Term
(Atria or Ventricles, Left or Right)
R or L - Pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs
Definition
Right Ventricle
Term
Bicuspid of mitral
Definition
Lies between the left atrium and left ventricle
Term
Tricuspid
Definition
Named for its three flaps or cusps
Term
Aortic Semilunar
Definition
Lies between the left ventricle and the aorta
Term
Pulmonary Semilunar
Definition
Lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
Term
(Correct or Incorrect orifices)
Bicuspid or mitral valve orifice
Definition
Correct
Term
(Correct or Incorrect orifices)
Opening for iliac vein into RA
Definition
Incorrect
Term
(Correct or Incorrect orifices)
Opening for superior vena cava into LA
Definition
Incorrect
Term
(Correct or Incorrect orifices)
Opening for suprior vena cava into RA
Definition
Correct
Term
(Correct or Incorrect orifices)
Opening for inferior vena cava into RA
Definition
Correct
Term
(Correct or Incorrect orifices)
Opening for inferior vena cava into RV
Definition
Incorrect
Term
(Correct or Incorrect orifices)
Tricuspid valve orifice
Definition
Correct
Term
(Correct or Incorrect orifices)
Pulmonary orifice
Definition
Correct
Term
(Correct or Incorrect orifices)
Opening for iliac vein into RV
Definition
Incorrect
Term
(Correct or Incorrect orifices)
Aortic orifice
Definition
Correct
Term
(Correct or Incorrect orifices)
Four openings for pulmonary veins into LA
Definition
Correct
Term
(T or F, Blood Supply)
Coronary arteries branch off the superior vena cava
Definition
False, Coronary arteries branch of the Aorta
Term
(T or F, Blood Supply)
Coronary arteries encircle the heart like a crown
Definition
True
Term
(T or F, Blood Supply)
Coronary arteries lie in the fatty tissue surrounding the heart
Definition
True
Term
(T or F, Blood Supply)
Coronary arteries supply the myocardial substance of the heart with blood
Definition
True
Term
(T or F, Blood Supply)
Coronary veins return the oxygenated blood used by the cardial tissue directly to the right ventricle
Definition
False, Coronary veins return th deoxygenated blood used by the cardial tissue directly to the vena cava or right atrium
Term
(Nerve Supply)
Has _____ sets of motor nerve fibers
Definition
Two
Term
(Nerve Supply)
One set reaches the heart through the vagus nerve and the craniosacral system, and helps to _____ the heartbeat
Definition
slow/stop, inhibitory nerve fibers
Term
(Nerve Supply)
The other set reaches the heart through the spinal cord and thoracolumbar system, and helps to _____ the heartbeat
Definition
augment/quicken, accelerator/excitatory nerve fibers
Term
(Nerve Supply)
Both sets of nerves are connected with the cardiac center found in the ______
Definition
medula oblongata
Term
(Arteries)
Composed of (three, four, five) layers
Definition
three - tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia
Term
(Arteries)
Carry (oxygenated, deoxygenated) blood away from the heart beginning at the aorta
Definition
Oxygenated
Term
(Arteries)
Break up into (artules, arterioles) and capillaries
Definition
arterioles
Term
(Arteries)
The large trunk artery is the (pulmonary artery, aorta)
Definition
aorta
Term
(T or F, Veins)
Composed of three coats
Definition
True
Term
(T or F, Veins)
The middle coat is muscular
Definition
True
Term
(T or F, Veins)
The walls of veins are much thicker than arterial walls.
Definition
False, The walls of veins are much tinner than arterial walls
Term
(T or F, Veins)
The muscular coats is more developed and more elastic in veins than in arteries
Definition
False, The muscular coats is not as well developed and not as elastic in veins than in arteries
Term
(T or F, Veins)
Many veins are provided with valves to prevent the backflow of blood
Definition
True
Term
(T or F, Veins)
Carry oxygenated blood to the body
Definition
False, Carry deoxygenated blood to the heart
Term
(T or F, Veins)
Small veins are known as venules
Definition
True
Term
(T or F, Veins)
The two large trunk veins are the superior and inferior vena cava
Definition
True
Term
Two sets of veins are found in most parts of the body: Superficial veins close to the skin, and deep veins which usually accompany an artery.
Definition
True
Term
(T or F, Veins)
Veins never have the same name as a corresponding artery.
Definition
False, Veins Often have the same name as a corresponding artery
Term
(Capillaries)
Are (large, minute) hair-like vessels
Definition
Minute
Term
(Capillaries)
Are (one, five) layer(s) in thickness
Definition
One
Term
(Capillaries)
Connect arterioles and (arteries, venules)
Definition
venules
Term
(Capillaries)
Transport nutrients to the cells and carry wastes away from cells through (osmosis, phagocytosis)
Definition
osmosis
Term
(Capillaries)
One square inch of muscle has 1 1/2 (thousand, million) capillaries
Definition
million
Term
(Capillaries)
Red blood cells flow through the capillaries in (single file, clots)
Definition
single file
Term
Order of circulation of blood through vessels?
Definition
Heart -> Aorta -> Body -> Arterioles -> capillaries -> venules -> veins
Term
(Pulmonary Circulation)
Is the circulation of blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs and back to the left atrium of the heart
Definition
True Pulmonary
Term
(Pulmonary Circulation)
Is the circulation of blood from the right ventricle of the heart to all parts of the body and back to the right atrium of the heart
Definition
False, Systemic, Is the circulation of blood from the left ventricle of the heart to all parts of the body and back tot he right atrium of the heart
Term
(Pulmonary Circulation)
Function is to carry oxygen and nutritive materials to all body tissue and to remove products of metabolism.
Definition
True, Systemic
Term
(Pulmonary Circulation)
Function is to carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs to be reoxygenated and to remove the metabolic waster product of carbondioxide
Definition
True Pulmonary
Term
(Major components of Pulmonary Circulation)
The _____ is the trunk artery for pulmonary circulation
Definition
Pulmonary Artery
Term
(Major components of Pulmonary Circulation)
Normal pulmonary circulation is as follows:
_____ -> pulmonary artery -> lung capillaries -> pulmonary veins -> _____
Definition
Right Ventricle, Left Atrium
Term
(Major components of Pulmonary Circulation)
The capillaries surrounding the air sacs of the lungs receive a fresh supply of oxygen and release _____ and moisture.
Definition
CO2
Term
(Parts of the Aorta, Ascending, Descending or Arch)
Ends near the fourth lumber vertebra at the aortic bifurcation where it branches into the right and left common iliac arteries.
Definition
Descending Aorta
Term
(Parts of the Aorta, Ascending, Descending or Arch)
Part that begins at the left ventricle and passes upward
Definition
Ascending Aorta
Term
(Parts of the Aorta, Ascending, Descending or Arch)
Has two branches, the left and right coronary artieries.
Definition
Ascending Aorta
Term
(Parts of the Aorta, Ascending, Descending or Arch)
Part that turns backward and to the left at about the level of the fourth thoracic vertebra
Definition
Arch
Term
(Parts of the Aorta, Ascending, Descending or Arch)
Has three major branches
Definition
Arch
Term
(Parts of the Aorta, Ascending, Descending or Arch)
Part that passes downward
Definition
Descening Aorta
Term
Bronchial
Definition
Supply bronchi
Term
Celiac
Definition
Supplies stomach, liver, and spleen
Term
Left common carotid
Definition
Supplies left side of head, neck, and brain
Term
Coronary (R and L)
Definition
supply myocardium
Term
Esophageal
Definition
Supply esophagus
Term
External iliac
Definition
Supply lower extremities
Term
Internal Iliac
Definition
Supply Pelvic Organs
Term
Intercostal
Definition
Supply Intercostal Area (Ribs)
Term
Lumbar
Definition
Supply Lumbar and psos muscles and part of abdominal wall musculature
Term
Mediastinal
Definition
Supply lymph glands and posterior mediastinum
Term
Inferior mesenteric
Definition
Supples all of colon and rectum except right half of transverse colon
Term
Superior mesenteric
Definition
supplies all of small intestines except the superior portion of the duodenum
Term
Ovarian
Definition
supply ovaries, part of ureters, and uterine tubes
Term
Pericardial
Definition
Supply pericardium
Term
Inferior Phrenic
Definition
supply diaphragm and esophagus
Term
Superior Phrenic
Definition
supply diaphragm
Term
Renal
Definition
supply kidneys, ureters, and adrenals
Term
Middlr Sacral
Definition
supplies sacrum and coccyx
Term
Left subclavian
Definition
supples left arm and surrounding area
Term
Right subclavian
Definition
supplies right arm and surrounding area
Term
Middle Suprarenal
Definition
supply adrenal glans
Term
Testicular
Definition
supple to testicles and ureter
Term
Axillary
Definition
Drains Axilarry Region
Term
Femoral
Definition
Drains thighs into great saphenous vein
Term
Gastric (R, L, and short
Definition
drain surface and wall of stomach
Term
Hepatic (R and L)
Definition
drain the liver and then empty into the inferior vena cava
Term
Common Iliac (R and L)
Definition
draws blood from pelvis and legs; from inferior vena cava
Term
Innominate (R and L)
Definition
draw blood from head, neck, and upper extremities; unite to form superior vena cava
Term
External jugular
Definition
Receives greater part of blood from exterior of cranium and deep aprts of face
Term
Internal Jugular
Definition
collects blood from brain, superficial parts of face, and neck; largest vein of head and neck
Term
Inferior Mesenteric
Definition
drains blood from rectum, sigmoid, and descending parts of colon
Term
Superior Mesenteric
Definition
drains blood from small intestine
Term
Portal
Definition
collects bloods from digestive tract and converys it to the liver; formed by union of superior mesenteric and splenic veins
Term
Renal (R and L)
Definition
drains the kidneys
Term
Great saphenous
Definition
longest vein in your body from dorsum of foot to femoral vein
Term
Splenic
Definition
draws blood from speen and part of stomach
Term
Subclavian
Definition
main trunk vein that drains upper extremity; joins internal jugular vein to form the innominate vein
Term
Long thoracic
Definition
drains lateral thoracic wall; tributary of axillary vein
Term
Inferior Vena Cava
Definition
returns blood from lower half of body; one of the two large trunk veins of systemic circulation
Term
Superior Vena Cava
Definition
drains blood from upper hald of body; one of the two large trunk veins of systemic circulation
Term
(Portal Circulation)
Veins from the (gallbladder, stomach), intestine, spleen, and pancreas empty into one vessel, the portal vein.
Definition
Stomach
Term
(Portal Circulation)
Portal vein then carries the blood, loaded with digested food products, to the (heart, liver), where food is altered, stored, and released as needed.
Definition
Liver
Term
(Portal Circulation)
Blood leaves the liver through the (mesenteric, hepatic) veins which empty into the inferior vena cava
Definition
Hepatic
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