Term
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Definition
| Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis); antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Induces contraction of smooth muscles of the blood vessels affecting blood pressure; is associated with an antidiuretic principle hich prevents excessive loss of water through the kidneys; causes reabsorption of water in nephron tubules |
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Term
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Definition
| Secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure (sympathomimetic). Nor- in chemistry means a parent compound from which another is derived |
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Term
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Definition
| Region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland. It secretes releasing factors and hormones that affect the pituitary gland |
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Term
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Definition
| A substance containing amino acid which originates in an organ or gland, moves through the blood to another part of the body, and stimulates it (by chemical action) to increased activity and secretion |
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Term
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Definition
| Responsible for female secondary sexual characteristics and the cyclic rate changes in the vagina and uterus. Secreted by the ovaries. Examples are estradiol and estrone |
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Term
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Definition
| Male hormone secreted by the testes |
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Term
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Definition
| Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis; regulates growth |
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Term
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Definition
| Hormones (steroid) produced by the adrenal cortex. Examples are cortisol (raises sugar levels), aldosterone (raises salt reabsorption by kidneys), and androgens and estrogens (sex hormones) |
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Term
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Definition
| Complex substance related to fats (derived from a sterol, such as cholesterol), and of which many hormones are made. Examples of steroids are estrogens, androgens, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids. |
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Term
| Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) |
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Definition
| Prevents excessive loss of water through the kidneys; causes reabsorption of water in nephron tubules |
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Term
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Definition
| Mineral salt found in the blood and tissues and necessary for proper functioning of cells; potassium, sodium, and calcium are electrolytes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases blood sugar. Secreted in times of stress and has an anti-inflammatory effect |
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Term
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Definition
| Secreted by alpha islet cells of the pancreas; increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen (starch) to glucose |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment |
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Term
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Definition
| Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis) stimulates contraction of unterus during labor and childbirth |
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Term
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Definition
| Secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure; dilates arteries, dilates bronchi, increases level of glucose in blood by stimulating liver, increases amount of fatty acid in blood; diminishes activity of gastrointestinal system |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Tetraiodothyronine, Increases metabolism in cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Dilates arteries, increases heart activity, dilates bronchi, increases level of glucose in blood by stimulating liver, increases amount of fatty acid in bloos, and diminishes activity of gastrointestinal system |
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Term
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Definition
| Secreted by beta islet cells (latin insula means island) of the pancreas. Insulin lowers blood sugar by transport and conversion of glucose to glycogen |
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Term
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Definition
| sex glands, (ovaries and testes) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| secreted by ovaries. Responsible for changes in the uterine lining in second half of menstrual cycle, for development of maternal placenta, and for development of mammary glands. Basically prepares the uterus for pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Hyposecretion of insulin and lack of metabolism of sugar characterized by elevated blood sugar, sugar in urine, excessive urine production, and excess thirst |
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Term
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Definition
| Excessive production of parathormone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Fasting Blood Sugar, measures circulating glucose level in a patient who has fasted at least 4 hours. Glucose drawn immediately at 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Luteinizing Hormone, Induces secretion of estrogens, ovulation, and development of the corpus luteum. Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| potassium (an electrolyte) |
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Term
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Definition
| Group of symptoms propduced by excess cortisol from the adrenal |
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Term
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Definition
| Overactivity of the thyroid gland; thyrotoxicosis |
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Term
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Definition
| Thyroid Stimulating hormone, secreted by the anterior pituitary gland |
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Term
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Definition
| Hypofunction of the adrenal cortex especially aldosterone and the cortisones as well as melanocyte-stimulating hormone characterized by weakness, nausea, weight loss, increased pigmentation of skin, irregular milk-white patches on the skin, and water and electrolyte disturbances |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| assemble, gather together |
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Term
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Definition
| Hypersecretion of somatotropic hormone in adults charaacterized by enlargements of the boens of the hands, feet, jaw, and cheeks |
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Term
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Definition
| All pituitary hormones are deficient. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Follicle-stimulating hormone, Stimulates development of ovarian follicles and spermatogenesis in the testes |
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Term
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Definition
| sodium - an important electrolyte |
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Term
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Definition
| stimulating the function of (to turn or act on) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Deficient production of the parathyroid hormone |
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Term
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Definition
| Hypersecretion of somatotropic hormone in childhood |
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Term
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Definition
| Cancer of the thyroid gland |
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Term
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Definition
| A ductless gland that produces an internal secretion discharged into the blood of lymph and circulated to all parts of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| The science studying the endocrine glands and their function |
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Term
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Definition
| A gland whose secretion reaches an epithelial surface either directly or through a duct |
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Term
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Definition
| Excessive amounts of hormones are secreted |
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Term
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Definition
| A substance containing amino acid which originates in an organ or gland, moves through the blood to another part of the body, and stimulates it (by chemical action) to increased activity and secretion |
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Term
| State the function of the endocrine glands |
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Definition
| Secret substances called hormones |
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Term
(T or F; Physiological process affected by hormones)
Rate of metabolism |
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Definition
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Term
(T or F; Physiological process affected by hormones)
Growth and development processes |
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Definition
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Term
(T or F; Physiological process affected by hormones)
Development and functioning of the reproductive organs |
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Definition
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Term
(T or F; Physiological process affected by hormones)
Ability of body to meet conditions of stress |
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Definition
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Term
(T or F; Physiological process affected by hormones)
Sexual characteristics |
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Definition
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Term
(T or F; Pituitary Gland)
Is also called the thymus |
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Definition
| False, Is also called the Hypophysis Cerebri |
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Term
(T or F; Pituitary Gland)
Is a small, gray rounded body attached to the base of the brain by a stalk |
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Definition
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Term
(T or F; Pituitary Gland)
Lies in a small depression of the nasal bone |
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Definition
| False, Lies in a small depression of the Sphenoid bone |
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Term
(T or F; Pituitary Gland)
Known as the "master" gland or the "moderator" because it influences other glands |
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Definition
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Term
(T or F; Pituitary Gland)
Is divided into anterior and posterior lobes which have separate functions |
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Definition
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Term
(T or F; Pituitary Gland)
The posterior lobe is connected through the stalk of the hypothalamus |
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Definition
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Term
(T or F; Pituitary Gland)
Posterior lobe secretes only one hormone |
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Definition
| Flase, Posterior Lobe secretes two hormones, |
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Term
(T or F; Pituitary Gland)
Anterior lobe secretes several hormones |
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Definition
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Term
(Hormones of pituitary gland; Posterior, Anterior, Between)
Somatotropic hormones (STH) |
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Definition
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Term
(Hormones of pituitary gland; Posterior, Anterior, Between)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) |
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Definition
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Term
(Hormones of pituitary gland; Posterior, Anterior, Between)
Vasopressin |
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Definition
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Term
(Hormones of pituitary gland; Posterior, Anterior, Between)
Thyrotropic Hormone (TTH) |
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Definition
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Term
(Hormones of pituitary gland; Posterior, Anterior, Between)
Gonadotropic Hormones |
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Definition
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Term
(Hormones of pituitary gland; Posterior, Anterior, Between)
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) |
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Definition
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Term
(Hormones of pituitary gland; Posterior, Anterior, Between)
Oxytocin |
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Definition
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Term
(Hormones of pituitary gland; Posterior, Anterior, Between)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) |
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Definition
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Term
(Hormones of pituitary gland; Posterior, Anterior, Between)
Lutenizing Hormone (LH) |
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Definition
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Term
(Hormones of pituitary gland; Posterior, Anterior, Between)
Luteotropic Hormone (LTH) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Induces secretion of estrogens, ovulation, and developemtn of the corpus luteum |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulates uterus to contract. Stimulates mammary glands to release |
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Term
| Melanocyte-stimulating hormone |
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Definition
| Influences melanin formation |
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Term
| Follicle-stimulating hormone |
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Definition
| FSH, Stimulates development of ovarian follicles and spermatogenesis in the testes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Regulates functional activity of the thyroid gland |
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Term
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Definition
| Induces contraction of smooth muscles of the blood vessels affecting blood pressure; is associated with an antidiuretic principle which prevents excessive loss of water through the kidneys; causes reabsorption of water in nephron tubules |
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Term
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Definition
| Maintains mature corpora lutea, induces secretion of progesterone, and induces secretion of milk in a fully developed mammary gland |
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Term
| Adrenocorticotropic Hormone |
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Definition
| Regulates functional activity of the adrenal cortex |
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Term
(Thyroid Gland)
Is the (smallest, largest) of all endocrine glands |
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Definition
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Term
(Thyroid Gland)
Is a glandular structure consisting of (two, four) lobes on either side of the trachea connected in the midline by the isthmus |
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Definition
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Term
(Thyroid Gland)
Secretes the hormone (thyroxine, thyrotropin) |
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Definition
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Term
(Thyroid Gland)
(Sodium, Iodine) must be present in sufficient amounts in the body in order for the hormone secreted by the thyroid gland to be synthesized |
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Definition
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Term
(Thyroid Gland)
They thyroid hormone is transported in the blood by binding itself to (oxygen, proteins) |
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Definition
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Term
(Thyroid Gland)
Thyroid hormones aid in regulating metabolism, especially (protein, carbohydrate) and fat metabolism |
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Definition
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Term
(Thyroid Gland)
Thyroid hormones affect (adrenalin, somatotropin) secretion and function |
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Definition
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Term
(Parathyroid Glands)
(Two, Four) small bean-shaped bodies which lie on the (anterior, posterior) surface of the thyroid lobes |
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Definition
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Term
(Parathyroid Glands)
Secretes the hormone (thyroxin, parathormone) |
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Definition
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Term
(Parathyroid Glands)
Helps maintain homeostasis of blood calcium concentration by promoting calcium absorption into the blood, thereby preventing (hypocalcemia, hypercalcemia) |
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Definition
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Term
(Parathyroid Glands)
Neuromuscular irritability is inversely related to blood calcium concentration; that is, neuromuscular irritability increases when the blood concentration of calcium (increases, decreases) |
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Definition
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Term
(T or F; Adrenal Glands)
Are also called the renals |
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Definition
| False, Are also called suprarenals |
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Term
(T or F; Adrenal Glands)
Are located superior to the kidneys fitting like a cap |
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Definition
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Term
(T or F; Adrenal Glands)
Consist of two parts which are dependent on each other |
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Definition
| False, Consist of two parts which function independently |
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Term
(T or F; Adrenal Glands)
The cortex is the inner portion, and the medulla is the outer portion |
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Definition
| False, The cortex is the outer portion, and the medulla is in inner portion |
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Term
(T or F; Adrenal Glands)
The adrenal cortex is not essential for life |
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Definition
| False, The adrenal cortex is essential for life |
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Term
(T or F; Adrenal Glands)
The adrenal medulla is not essential for life |
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Definition
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Term
(T or F; Adrenal Glands)
Complete removal of both adrenals would result in death unless substitute hormones are administered to the individual |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Responsible for females secondary suxual characteristics and the cyclic changes in the vagina and uterus |
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Term
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Definition
| Dilates arteries, increases heart activity, dilates bronchi, increases level of glucose in blood by stimulating liver, increases amount of fatty acid in blood, and diminishes activity of gastrointestinal system |
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Term
| Cortisol and Corticosterone |
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Definition
| Regulate principally carbohydrate as well as fat and protein metabolism which affects essentially every cell in the body |
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Term
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Definition
| Regulat the development and maintenance of male secondary sexual characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| Regulates metabolism of sodium, chloride, and potassium, and therefore, regualtes water and electrolyte balance of body |
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Term
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Definition
| Is the opposite of Epinephrine |
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Term
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Definition
| Responsible for changes in the uterine lining in second half of menstrual cycle, for development of maternal placenta, and for development of mammary glands |
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Term
(Gonads)
_____ secrete several hormones including estrogens and progesterone |
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Definition
| Ovaries secrete several hormones including estrogens and progesterone |
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Term
(Gonads)
_____ secrete androgens including testosterone and androsterone |
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Definition
| Testes secrete androgens including testosterone and androsterone |
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Term
(T or F; Islands of Langerhans)
Are the same thing as the pancreas |
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Definition
| False, Are special cells scattered throughout the Pancreas |
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Term
(T or F; Islands of Langerhans)
Manufacture two hormones - insulin and glucagon |
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Definition
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Term
(T or F; Islands of Langerhans)
Insulin is necessary for the normal use of sugar in the body and increases the rate of glucose metabolism |
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Definition
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Term
(T or F; Islands of Langerhans)
Decreased production of insulin metabolizes sugar too slowly or not at all and sugar is excreted in the urine |
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Definition
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Term
(T or F; Islands of Langerhans)
Increased production of insulin metabolizes sugar too slowly or not at all and sugar is excreted in the urine |
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Definition
| False, Increased production of insulin metabolizes sugar too fast |
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Term
(T or F; Islands of Langerhans)
Glucagon tends to increase the blood glucose concentration |
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Definition
| False, Glucagon tends to increase the blood glucose concentration |
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Term
(T or F; Islands of Langerhans)
Glucagon serves as an antagonist to insulin since it accelerates the conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver |
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Definition
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Term
(T or F; Structures w/ endocrine functions)
The pineal body is a small conical organ which lies near the middle of the brain that influences sexual, skeletal, and mental maintenance in the later years of life |
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Definition
| False, The pineal body is a small conical organ which lies near the middle of the brain that influences sexual, skeletal, and mental development in the first 7 years of life |
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Term
(T or F; Structures w/ endocrine functions)
The thymus gland is located on the posterior side of the kidney |
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Definition
| False, The thymus gland is located in the upper part of the chest cavity along the trachea |
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Term
(T or F; Structures w/ endocrine functions)
The thymus gland produces hormones that stimulate the production of the small lymphocytes which function in the body's defense against infection, especially in the immune response of the newborn |
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Definition
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Term
(T or F; Structures w/ endocrine functions)
Removal of the thymus gland will result in death if supplementary hormones are not given |
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Definition
| Flase, Removal of the thymus gland will increase the susceptibility to acute infections |
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Term
(T or F; Structures w/ endocrine functions)
The placenta becomes a temporary endocrine gland during pregnancy, and secretes chorionic, gonadotropins, estrogens, and progesterones whose increased levels delay menstration |
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Definition
| False, The placenta becomes a temporary endocrine gland during pregnancy and secretes chorionic gonadotropins, and progesterones whose increased levels delay menstruation |
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Term
(T or F; Structures w/ endocrine functions)
The stomach wall secretes the hormone secretin which stimulates the secretion of the gastric glands |
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Definition
| False, the stomach wall secrete the hormone gastrin which stimulates the secretion of the gastric glands |
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Term
(T or F; Structures w/ endocrine functions)
The small intestine (duodenal) wall secretes the hormone gastrin which stimulates the secretion of pancreatic juices and bile. |
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Definition
| False, the small intestine (duodenal) wall secretes the hormone secretin which stimulates the secretion of pancreatic juices and bile |
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Term
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Definition
| Hypersecretion of insulin characterized by deficiency of sugar in blood |
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Term
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Definition
| Hyposecretion of somatotropic hormone in childhood and hereditary |
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Term
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Definition
| Too much calcium in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| Hyposecretion of thyroxine in adults characterized by decreased metabolism, increased weight, hair loss, and thickening of skin due to fluid accumulation |
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Term
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Definition
| Hypersecretion of somatotropic hormone in adults characterized by enlargements of the bones of the hands, feet, jar, and cheeks. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hyposecretion of parathormone characterized by muscular excitability and irritability resulting in death if calcium treatment is not given |
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Term
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Definition
| Hypofunction of the adrenal cortex especially aldosterone and the cortisones as well as melanocyte stimulating hormone characterized by weakness, nausea, weight loss, increased pigmentation of skin, irregular milk-white patches on the skin, and water and electrolyte disturbances |
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Term
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Definition
| Hyposecretion of thyroxine in childhood characterized by stunted growth and mental retardation |
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Term
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Definition
| Any enlarged thyroid whether it is secreting too little, too much, or a normal amount of thyroxine |
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Term
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Definition
| Hypersecretion of somatotropic hormone in childhood |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Hypersecretion of thyroxine resulting in an exophthalmic goiter characterized by increased appetite, weight loss, increased rate of metabolism, nervous irritability, and protruding of the eye |
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Term
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Definition
| Hyposecretion of vasopressin |
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Term
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Definition
| Hyposecretion of insulin and lack of metabolism of sugar characterized by elevated blood sugar, sugar in urine, excessive urine production, and excess thirst |
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Term
| What hormone is needed for the development of the Central Nervous System |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most important endocrine gland in the body |
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Definition
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