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ST-101 Week 2
Cells, Tissues, and Membranes
87
Health Care
Professional
01/13/2009

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Cards

Term
Anabolism
Definition
constructive part of metabolism involving molecular synthesis
Term
Body Membrane
Definition
a pliable layer of tissue that lines or covers various parts of the body
Term
Catabolism
Definition
the destructive part of metabolism involving the release of energy and resulting in the breakdown of complex materials within the organism
Term
Cell
Definition
the smallest structural unit of living matter capable of functioning independently
Term
Cell Membrane
Definition
surface layer of the cytoplams of a cell
Term
Cytology
Definition
the study of the structure, functions, multiplication, and pathology of cells
Term
Electrolyte Balance
Definition
condition of electrolytes leaving is the same amount coming in
Term
Electrolytes
Definition
subtances such as acids, bases, and salts which, insolution, conducts an electric current
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
a relatively stable state of equilibrium
Term
Metabolism
Definition
The process of continually building up and using protoplasm to carry on vital processes and activites
Term
Nucleus
Definition
the central structure of a cell enclosed in a membrane which is essential to cellular functions such as reproduction and protein synthesis
Term
Protoplasm
Definition
the living matter in all cells which is an organized complex of organic and inorganic substances which are too small for resolution with an ordinary light microscope
Term
Semipermeable membrane
Definition
a membrane which allows some molecules to pass through but not others
Term
Tissue
Definition
group of similar cells arranged with intercellular substance between them specialized to perform a particular function
Term
Vacuole
Definition
a small cavity or space in cell protoplasm containing air or fluid
Term
Nucleic Acids
Definition
controls the growth and reproduction of the cells
Term
Water
Definition
most abunudant compound in protoplasm that serves as the solvent in all cell chemistry
Term
Mineral Salts
Definition
acts as buffers in acid base balance, maintains fluid/electrolyte balance aid in structure of the body
Term
Carbohydrates and fats
Definition
serve as energy source
Term
Protein
Definition
second most abundant compound in animal protoplasm that forms the structural framework of protoplasm
Term
(Type of Protoplasm)
The protoplasm making up the cell's nucleus
Definition
nucleoplasm
Term
(Type of Protoplasm)
All the protoplasm not contained in the nucleus
Definition
cytoplasm
Term
Major parts of a cell
Definition
nucelus, cell membrane, organelles, specialized structures cytoplasm
Term
(T or F, Characteristics of the parts of a cell)
Cell nucleus regulates cellular structure and activities, including reproduction of the cell
Definition
True
Term
(T or F, Characteristics of the parts of a cell)
The nucleolus consists of strands of DNA bearing the genes which carry the hereditary characteristics
Definition
False, The nucleus consists of strands of DNA bearing the genes which carry the hereditary characteristics
Term
(T or F, Characteristics of the parts of a cell)
Cell membrane is the permeable outer wall of the cell which allows all molecules to pass through.
Definition
False, Cell membrane is the semi-permeable outer wall of the cell which allows some molecules to pass through
Term
(T or F, Characteristics of the parts of a cell)
Cytoplasm performs activities such as secretion and absorption
Definition
True
Term
(T or F, Characteristics of the parts of a cell)
Types of organelles include endoplasmic reticula, golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, ribosomes, and centrosomes
Definition
True
Term
(T or F, Characteristics of the parts of a cell)
Flagellum are tine, hairline projection which are found on the epitherlial cells forming the surface of the mucous membrane lining parts of the respiratory tract
Definition
False, cillia are tiny, hairlike projections which are found on the epithelial cells forming the surface of the mucous membrane lining parts of the respiratory tract
Term
(Y or N, Functions of a cell)
Retain Energy
Definition
N
Term
(Y or N, Functions of a cell)
Consume Oxygen
Definition
Y
Term
(Y or N, Functions of a cell)
Move substances into and out of the cell
Definition
Y
Term
(Y or N, Functions of a cell)
Produce carbohydrates
Definition
N
Term
(Y or N, Functions of a cell)
Reproduce itself
Definition
Y
Term
(Y or N, Functions of a cell)
Synthesize proteins
Definition
Y
Term
(Y or N, Functions of a cell)
Metabolize nutrients
Definition
Y
Term
(Transportation of a cell)
Requires enery from the cell or wraps itself around a foreign particle
Definition
Active
Term
(Y or N, Functions of a cell)
Requires no energy from the cell; moves through solution methods of movement
Definition
Passive
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
2 membranes, rich in fat, they are known as the power plant of the cell
Term
Lysosomes
Definition
Digest/disintegrate contents of vacuole
Term
Ribosomes
Definition
Contains, RNA, synthesize protein
Term
Centrosomes
Definition
2 tiny centrioles functions in cell division (Mitosis)
Term
Endoplasmic reticulum
Definition
serves as cells circulation
Term
Phagocytosis
Definition
process of engulfing solid particle by forming a pocket with the cell membrane, pinching off from the rest of the membrane, and migrating into the cell as a closed vauole
Term
Pinocytosis
Definition
The process of engulfing a liquid particle by forming a pocket with the cell membrane, pinching off from the rest of the membrane, and migrating into the cell as a close vauole
Term
Physiological Pump
Definition
an active transport mechanism that moves molecules or ions through cell membranes in an uphill direction, making their concentration gradients go up, against their natural tendency
Term
Osmosis
Definition
solvent molecules pass through a semipermeable membrane to equalize concentration on each side
Term
Diffusion
Definition
particles move to equlize concentration throughout
Term
Filtration
Definition
particles move through a filter or membrane that prevents passage of certain molecules
Term
Isotonic Solution
Definition
Has the same concentration of dissolved particles as the solution with which it is compared
Term
Hypertonic Solution
Definition
Condition in which a solution contains a greater concentration of dissolved particles than the solution with which it is compared
Term
Hypotonic Solution
Definition
Condition in which a solution contains a lesser concentration of dissolved particles than the solution with which it is compared
Term
(Myosis or Mytosis)
Occurs in all human cell except reproductive cells and nerce tissue cells; give rise to two daughter cells which are identical to parent cell; takes place in four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
Definition
Mytosis
Term
(Myosis or Mytosis)
Occures in reproductive (sex) cells; gives rise to four daughter cells which copntain only hald the number of chromosomes found in parent cell
Definition
Myosis
Term
Muscle
Definition
Moves body by contraction/relaxation of pairs
Term
Nerve
Definition
Conducts impulses throughout the body
Term
Epithelial
Definition
Acts as a protecrive barrier from heat; cold, water loss, and bacterial invasion; aids in secretion and excretion
Term
Connective
Definition
protects, supports, transports, and binds the body together
Term
(T or F, Epithelium)
Covers the body and many of its parts
Definition
T
Term
(T or F, Epithelium)
Lines the body's serous cavities , blood and lymph vessels, and the respiratory, digestive, and urinary tracts
Definition
T
Term
(T or F, Epithelium)
Forms the body's connective tissues
Definition
F, Forms the body's connective tissues
Term
(T or F, Epithelium)
Has close cellular arrangement with very little intercellular substance
Definition
T
Term
(T or F, Epithelium)
Contains blood vessels, receives oxygen and nutrients by diffusing upward from blood vessels of the connective tissue which always lies underneath the epithelium
Definition
F
Term
(T or F, Epithelium)
Has a basement membrane which lies between the epithelial and connective tissue
Definition
T
Term
(T or F, Epithelium)
Undergoes mitosis occasionally to reproduce the upper layer of cells which are lost to normal wear and tear
Definition
F, undergoes mitosis continually to replace the upper layer of cells which are lost to normal wear and tear
Term
(Shape of cell)
Flat, single layer
Definition
squamus
Term
(Shape of cell)
Multiple layer, cubelike
Definition
stratified
Term
(Shape of cell)
Cubelike, single layer
Definition
cuboidal
Term
(Shape of cell)
Single layer, taller than wider
Definition
columnar
Term
Fibrous
Definition
Location: tendons, ligaments, deep fascia, dermins, scars, capsule of kidneys
Function: flexible, but strong connective tissue
Term
Blood
Definition
Location: blood vessels
Function: transportation, protection
Term
Areolar
Definition
Location: Between other tissues, organs, and superficial tissues
Function: Connective tissues
Term
Hemopoietic
Definition
Location: Myeloid - bone marrow, Lymphatic, lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, and thymus
Function: Formation of red and white blood cells, formation of lymphocytes and monocytes
Term
Cartilage
Definition
Location: Nasal septum, covering surgaces of bones, larynx rings in trachea, and bronchi vertabral discs, external ear, eustachian tube
Function: firm but flexible support
Term
Reticular
Definition
Location: spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow
Function: filters injurious substances from blood and lymph by the reicular network, phagocytosis
Term
Bone
Definition
Location: skeleton
Function: protects and supports
Term
Adipose
Definition
Location: under skin as padding
function- proteins, insulates, supports, and acts as resevoir for food
Term
(Type of muscle tissue)
(Skeletal, visceral) muscle tissue is striated, voluntary
Definition
Skeletal
Term
(Type of muscle tissue)
(Skeletal, Visceral) muscle tissue is found in walls of hollow organs such as blood vessels, intestines, and uterus
Definition
Visceral
Term
(Type of muscle tissue)
Cardiac muscle tissue composes the walls of the (Hear, blood vessels)
Definition
heart
Term
(Type of muscle tissue)
(Cardiac, skeletal) muscle tissue is striated, involuntary
Definition
cardiac
Term
(Type of muscle tissue)
Skeletal muscle tissue is attached to (organs, bones)
Definition
bones
Term
Two types of nerve tissue
Definition
neuron, neurolgia
Term
(Membranes)
(Serous, mucous) membrance lines closed cavities of the body such as thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, and sac in which heart lies
Definition
Serous
Term
(Membranes)
(Serous, cutaneous) membranes have essentially two layers, the epidermis and dermis
Definition
Cutaneous
Term
(Membranes)
Cutaneous membranes are continuous with (serous, mucous) membranes
Definition
mucous
Term
a
Definition
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