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| constructing new data points outside a set of known data points (Oct. 26) |
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| constructing new data points within the range of a set of known data points (Oct. 26) |
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| the boundaries around which it is impossible to use the scientific method (for example, to extrapolate a number - the question of origins, cannot be proven because nobody was around when evolution/special creation was atually happening)(Oct. 26) |
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| explains some phenomenon, but not itself true (Oct. 28) |
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| cognitive process of transferring information or meaning from a particular subject to another particular subject, and a linguistic expression corresponding to such a process; enable us to understand who God is; not an identity but must have a point of contact, so to speak (Oct. 28) |
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| found on chromosomes, made up of genetic material (DNA, base pairs), code for a specific trait or predisposition |
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| bundles of genetic material, containing multiple genes, not bundled together until time of replication, where replication of chromosomes and attachment at centromeres occurs |
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| the genetic material that codes for proteins and make up genes and chromosomes; a sort of map that determines the characteristics of each organism; made up of sugar phosphates and base pairs (AGCT) |
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| a base pair in DNA, aka A, paired with T except in RNA where it is paired with U |
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| a base pair in DNA, aka A, paired with T except in RNA where it is paired with U |
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| base in DNA, aka G, matched up with C |
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| base in DNA, aka C, matched up with G |
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| base in DNA, aka T, matched up with A, not present in RNA |
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| a map of the chromosomes and DNA of an organism; maps the sequencing and location of genes in an organism's genetic material |
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| a stem cell that is able to differentiate into multiple kinds of sematic cells |
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| structure formed in embryonic development, usually after 5 days |
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| view of creation; involved the reading of Genesis 1 as poetry; claims that days 1 & 4, 2 & 5, and 3 & 6 are parallel |
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| theory of creation which claims that each 'day' was in actuality a long period of time; comes from the word 'yom' which can mean a literal day OR a long period of time; believe, for example, that the entire universe first created, then the earth is moved so that the sun can be seen, etc.; deal with questions like: does the seventh day continue? were the sun and moon really created on day one, not four?; are genealogies really that abbreviated?, etc... |
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| was a devout Christian, decided to take a voyage on the H.M.S. Beagle and studied finches on tropical islands; wrote "On the Origin of Species" and created a theory of evolution fairly similar to the one accepted today; termed natural selection |
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| the way in which populational change takes place is by the enviroment judging their genetic material or genotype interaction between environment and genotype (which shows phenotype) |
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| PhD in biochemistry, professor at LeHigh University; proponenet of irreducible complexity and the interlligent design movement |
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| movement in which best genes are determined and mating and procreation is restricted; those with 'deficient' genes are considered to be useless and harmful to society, and are prevented from having offspring; happened in Nazi Germany, but also in the United State (see case Buck v. Bell, in which Carrie Buck was unwillingly sterilized) |
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| process in which a new organism is made with the same DNA/genetic material as another already existing |
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| organismprocess in which genetic material is extracted from a living organism and implanted into an 'empty' ovum, which is implanted into a womb; most famous example is the cloning of Dolly the sheep |
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| also known as somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT0; used in embryonic stem cell research, or in regenerative medicine where it is sometimes referred to as "therapeutic cloning" |
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| involves gathering of eggs outside of a woman's body; the eggs are fertilized, and after a few days are reintroduced into the woman; there is a higher chance of the woman getting pregnant; however, the extra eggs that have been fertilized (and are embryos) are thrown away |
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| three categories: ontological (being), functional (things we can do), and relational (community). It Includes body and soul: the material is good. The Fall no doubt has ruined all, but it will be good once more. God made each of us differently, and this diversity is good and in imago Dei |
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| performed famous pea experiment, found trend of dominance; knew that something (later found to be genes) could be recessive or dominant |
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| performed experiment on fruit flies, in which he found that the trait for eye color (red or white) was sex linked |
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| helped to discovered the structure of DNA (double helix) with Crick |
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| helped to discover the structure of DNA (double helix) with Watson; also theorized the existence of ribozymes in 1967 |
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| stem cells that are found in an embryo; are pluripotent |
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| stem cells found in the adult body, some of which are pluripotent, but some have differentiated so that they can only create one or a few kinds of cells |
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| intellectual movement encouraging the enhancement of humanity using science and technology; in essence, integrating robots and genetic material with the normal human life |
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| project in which all of the genetic material of the human species is recorded and genes and their loci are determined |
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| a set of rules concerning experimentation, especially where it relates to fellow human beings; developed after experimentation from Nazi Germany discovered |
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| did an experiment where he measured the redshift of different objects in space; the further away from a specific point, the larger the redshift, which means the faster away it is moving from us, which makes sense if an explosion occurred in a space where no gravity existed (aka Big Bang) |
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| use of law of sines to find the distance of a star from a specific location; uses the difference in angle when varying position on earth to find the distance needed to create a triangle that would properly match this information |
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| te way mass is moving in distant galaxies doesn't make any sense according to current physics theory unless there is distributions of matter present in those areas; so assumed that there is matter there, we just can't see it |
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| super hot condensed matter exploded, universe expanded and cooled with time; elementary particles get to low enough energy to form atoms; gravity results in clouds of gas and they eventually condense; stars and planets form; different stages can be seen throughout the universe because this progresses at different rates |
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| if things are approaching you (or you are approaching them), the spectrum shifts toward blue; if you are going away from something, the spectrum shifts toward red |
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| distance light travels in a year; about 6000 billion miles or 63,000 times the distance from the earth to the sun |
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| each piece of the university is moving away from the other pieces; this means that everything is seen with a red shift - see Doppler effect |
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| process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting ionizing particles; spontaneous, in that the nucleus decays without collision with another particle or atom; random process on the level of single atoms; according to quantum theory it's impossible to predict when a given atom will decay, but given a large number of identical atoms, the decay rate is predictable |
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| technique used to date materials such as rocks, usually based on a comparison between the observed abundance of a naturally occurring radioactive isotope and its decay products, using known decay rates |
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| hypothesis that life exists throughout the Universe, distributed by meteoroids, asteroids, and planetoids. |
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| change in the genetic material; can change genes |
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| change in the frequency of a gene variant (allele) in a population due to random sampling |
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| theory that fossilization is a rare event and population size limits the rate that genes spread are limitations that dominate evolution and explain the apparent jumps in the fossil record |
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| common fruit fly, used in experimentation that resulted in the discovery of sex linked cells |
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| somatic cell nuclear transfer |
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| laboratory technique for creating a clonal embryo using an ovum with a donor nucleus; aka therapeutic cloning |
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| cosmic microwave background |
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| 'temperature' of space; temperature is about 2.725 K, which would be typical of a 14 billion year old earth |
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| pre-implantation genetic diagnosis |
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| test that can be done on embryos before implantation, as well as oocytes before fertilization; embryo can be checked for diseases and disorders at an early stage; is controversial because it allows parents to decide whether to keep the baby or not; an 'educated abortion' |
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| an informal fallacy based on misrepresentation of an opponent;s position |
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| speciation occurs due to isolation: environments are different, and two groups of the same species that are different are affected differently due to the different geographical qualities, causing speciation |
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| arisal of a new biological species arises |
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| economist, writes "An Essay on the Principle of Population"; gave Darwin an idea that eventual leads to his naming and identifying natural selection |
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| writes "Principles of Geology"; talks about uniformitarianism, which means based on data today, you can find information of the past |
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| based on data found today, you can find information from the past |
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| proposition that "certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause, not an undirected process such as natural selection |
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| pseudoscientific argument by proponents of intelligent design that certain biological systems are too complex to have evolved from simpler, or "less complete" predecessors, through natural selection acting upon a series of advantageous naturally-occurring, chance mutations |
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| sex cells, which only contain one set of 23 chromatid rather than a set of 23 chromosomes like regular, somatic cells |
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| developed a theory and performed an experiment which showed that many amino acids necessary for the production of proteins, and therefore for the sustainment of life, can be created sort of 'spontaneously' in a specific environment thought to be similar to that of the early atmosphere; says you can create precursors to biological life with unorganic reactions |
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| developed a theory of evolution, now considered to be incorrect, which involves the famous example of the giraffe stretching its neck to a longer size and passing this acquired trait to its offspring; first law was "use and disuse", meaning if you use something, you keep it, and if you don't you lose it (also used by the Greeks); second law is the inheritance of acquired characteristics; Lamarck's theory stood out because of his use of these mechanisms as the driving force for evolution |
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| change in the properties of groups of organisms over the course of generations, accumulated by genetic changes, varying degrees of natural selection and genetic drift, and by random and non-random processes |
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| change in genetic makeup of a population, more short termed, due almost if not completely to snatura selection |
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| any philosophical account which holds that final causes exist in nature, meaning that design and purpose analogous to that found in human actions are inherent also in the rest of nature |
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| proved Lamarck completely wrong on his theory of evolutions; claimed that there was clear succession of animals in the strata; created the theory of catastrophes, meaning that we are living in the latest creation event of God, and the previous geological strata are previous Genesis stories, which God wiped out |
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| theory that we are living in the latest creation event of God, and the previous geological strata are previous Genesis stories, which God wiped out |
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| islands to which Darwin traveled; the finches on these islands prompted him to think about the theory of evolution and eventually to write On the Origin of Species |
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| American paleontologist, evolutionary biologist and historian of science. He was also one of the most influential and widely read writers of popular science of his generation |
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| a scientific theory which describes large scale motions of Earth's lithosphere; builds on older concepts of continental drift |
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| claim that ribozymes were the beginning of life; they can create RNA which can both replicate and create proteins both of which are necesarry to the creation and sustaining of life |
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| both micro and macro evolution combined, see DyKnow lectures for more indepth discussion |
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