• Language

• Religion
• System of Gov't
• The arts
• Architecture
• Literature
• Traditions
• Value
• Music
  • Humans create, learn and adapt culture
  • Culture helps us to understand ourselves as bot individuals and of member of various  groups
  • Cultures are dynamic and ever-changing

• Systems of beliefs, knowledge, values and traditions of a given people in a given period
• Culture- is the way that people living that focus on knowledge,  traditions and other beliefs. 

• Culture helps elementary students explore cultures other then their own. 

• Younger children
  • young learners deal with students who are different from themselves and want to know more about others

• Older Children
  • Students explore the nature and specific aspects of culture

• Ethnocentrism

Avoid trying to cover long period of time very quickly 

Focusing on one historical era instead 

Avoid broad and sweeping statements- instead of painting history with a broad bush, try focusing instead on a particular history 

Early- develop a natural sense of fairness and order as they deal with others.

Identify and describe the four main approaches to multicultural education 

4 ? one for each approaches 

melting pot- you lose your cultural idenity 

Salad Bowl- You keep your cultural idenitdy but you work with the other cultural in the bowl but you keep your idnd.  

Artifacts and materials layer- food and clothing most visible and readily available 

The organizational layer- customs and practices, customs that describe the underlaying beliefs 

The beliefs layer- religion philosophy and world view 

Teacher centered- direct instruction ( telling or explaining orientation) 

Student centered learning- inquiry/group investigation  ( typically have a problem solving or inquiry orientation. The goal of these teaching strategies is to help students develop the ability to manipulate and process information

activities one or more students reenact a situation while the rest of the class acts as observes

Helps students develop a sense of social consciousness- to help them experience what is is like to walk in another persons moccasins 

(1) occurs in a structured setting

(2) designed to lead to educational outcomes 

Unstructured Role Play-   the role players assign the roles without specific teacher directions 

Structured Role Play- addition of positions or points of view that the role players must incorporate into their enactments 

simulations are are instructional activies in which elements from the real world are recreated or simlated in the classroom

games  taking a real life place and make some changes to it, to make it different 

(Oregon Trail vs. Monopoly)

expressive-  experiences are activities in which children have an opportunity to express themselves through drama plays, skits, pageants and so on 

enactive- which are sometimes called projects are activites in which students build or create something, such as models or murals 

1.  Encounter Question, Issue, or Problem

2.  Clarify Meanings of Terms

3.  Formulate Researchable Hypotheses

4.  Collect Data

5.  Assemble and Analyze Data

6.  Present Results and Generalize

Teacher-Initiated Inquiry

·         The teacher conducts the inquiry through advanced planning.

·         The key is igniting the students’ desire to know.

Student-Initiated Inquiry

·         An event takes place that captures students’ attention and brings about a number of reactions. 

·         Source:  question, issue, or problem

·         Take advantage of this teachable moment!!!

1.  Teachers are less visibly in charge, but still directing the learning.

2.  Students apply research strategies to gain knowledge.

3.  Answers depend on type of method used and sources consulted.

4.  Knowledge is viewed as tentative and conditional.

5.  Knowledge is something learners create and use to make sense of the world.

Inferences- attempt to explain and understand events around us. taking clues from pictures etc 

Hypothesizing-  making a prediction 

Primary- first hand accounts 

Secondary- relate to already interpreted information 

Where issues and events- the environment, human rights, conflicts occurring in various parts of the world and so forth- are studied over several weeks. The idea of a current affairs program is to tie togher the separate events of continuing problems to help studnets understand their significance. 

Build background