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SSCI165 Midterm
Study Guide
61
Geography
Undergraduate 1
04/25/2010

Additional Geography Flashcards

 


 

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Term
Globalization
Definition
The increasing interconnectedness of different realms through common proccesses of economic, environmental, political, and cultural change. EX: The Global Economy
Term
Spatial
Definition
How things are related or arranged across the earth's surface. EX: population, politics, migratory patterns.
Term
Scale
Definition

The ratio of the distance between 2 places on a map, and the actual distance between those 2 placs on the Earth's surface.

EX: The globe is a small scale

Most amount of detail = bigger scale.

Term
Geographic Realms
Definition

12 very large units into which the inhabited world can be devided.

A cultural division.

Antarctica not considered a realm.

Boundaries not seperated by politics.

Have and always will change over time.

Term
Functional Interaction
Definition

Interaction between humans and the national environment.

Man manipulating environment to meet needs of settled population.

Term
Regions
Definition

A differentiated segment of earth-space.

Depends on individual who is defining region.

4 PROPERTIES OF REGIONS:

1)Area- Regions occupy real place on Earth.

2)Boundaries- May be natural or cultural.

3)Location- Regions must be able to be found. On the longitude&latitude on grid/list.

4)Interconnectedness- Cannot be 100% isolated.

Term
Formal & Functional Region
Definition

Formal region- Regions which display a measurable and visible homogeneity.

Functional region - regions based on a structured, urban, central system of interaction with a core & periphery.

Term
Absolute & Relative Location
Definition

Absolute location- Location using the latitudinal/longitudinal grid ("mathematical")

Relative location - Location with reference to other regions ("situation")

Term
Culture
Definition
"..the negotiated process and product of the discourses through which humans signify their experiences to themselves and others."
Term
Cultural landscape
Definition
The forms superimposed on the physical landscape by the activities of man.
Term
Sequent occupance
Definition
Term to describe the view of geography as a succession of stages of human occupance.
Term
Population density
Definition
Number of people per unit area.
Term
Cartogram
Definition
Maps where the site and shape of landmasses is based upon specific data.
Term
state vs State
Definition

state- An area of land, with internationally recognized political boundaries, wherein resides a people with an independent political indentity, usually referred to as "nationalism" EX: Nation-Japan

State- Smaller unit like, California.

Term
Agrarian and Industrial Revolution
Definition

Agrarian Revolution- AKA "Agricultural Revolution", around 1650-1800 of significant institutional and technological changes in European farming.

Industrial revolution- around 1750-1850 of significant technological changes in European manufacturing and engineering that led to a huge economic boom.

Term
Functional specialization
Definition
Different groups and areas specializing in different areas of the economy and production.
Term
Per Capita GDP and GNP
Definition

GDP/Gross Domestic Product- Total value of all goods and services produced by a country in a particular year. Divided by total population= Per Capita GDP.

GNP/Gross National Product- GDP + Income from abroad = overseas investments, etc.

Term
European State Model
Definition
Any clearly and legally defined territory inhabited by a population governed from a capital city by a representative government.
Term
buffer-state
Definition
A state wedged between two other more powerful states.
Term
Conurbation
Definition
Huge multimetropolitan complexes formed by combination or coexistence of 2 or more urban areas.
Term
ASEAN
Definition
Economic alliance. "Association of South East Asian Nations."
Term
Shatter belt
Definition
A zone of consistent splintering and fracturing
Term
"Boat-People"
Definition

Post-War Vietnam. Over 1 million died in mass exodus(departure) following the war.

 

A term that usually refers to illegal immigrants or asylum seekers who emigrate in numbers in boats that are sometimes old and crudely made, rendering them unseaworthy and unsafe

Term
Landlocked
Definition
Enclosed by countries. Being landlocked was regarded as a disadvantageous position. It cuts the country off from sea resources such as fishing, but more importantly cuts off access to seaborne trade which, even today, makes up a large percentage of international trade. Coastal regions tended to be wealthier and more heavily populated than inland ones.
Term
City-State
Definition
State comprised of only one city. EX:Singapore
Term

Entrepôt

Definition

Singapore- Great Situation. Enterpot between all the major players in S.E. asia and the pacific rim.

A a trading post where merchandise can be imported and exported without paying import duties, often at a profit. This profit is possible because of trade conditions, for example, the reluctance of ships to travel the entire length of a long trading route, and selling to the entrepôt instead. The entrepôt then sells at a higher price to ships travelling the other segment of the route. Today, this use has mostly been supplanted by customs areas.

Term
Site & Situation
Definition

Site- Unique physical characteristics. Ex: The "beach" and street names.

Situation- Location with reference to other regions AKA relative location

Term
Supranational Organization
Definition
ASEAN
Term
Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon)
Definition
Vietnam. The largest city BY FAR (8.1 million).
Term
Bangkok
Definition
Thailand's capital.
Term
Kuala Lumpur
Definition

Malaysia's Capital.

In 1980 economy grew rapidly. Kuala Lumpur became very urban.

Term
Singapore
Definition

Population:4 Million.

A city-state: state comprised of only one city.

Area:240 Square Miles.

"Crown Jewel" of british colonialism. Seceded from malaysia in 1965. huge economy- economic tiger of the pacific rim. per capita gnp = over 33k. highest in region. they are in a great situation "entrepot", great brain powers and diligent workers. leaders know key to success is in high tech industries.

the government is basically communist following the chinese order. singapore is a rare example of a socialist/authoritarian government and a market-run economy coexisting.

Term
Jakarta
Definition

Indonesia's capital.

On Java, which is the core of indonesia with over 125 million people. one of the world's most populated areas.

affected by pacific rim boom in 1990s and conurbation.

jakarta rules above all like an internal colonizer of the rest of the huge islands.

huge pollution problems.

Term
Hong Kong
Definition
One of the two special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China; the other is Macau. Situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea,[8] it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour.
Term
Ho Chi Minh
Definition
Hồ led the Viet Minh independence movement from 1941 onward, establishing the communist-governed Democratic Republic of Vietnam in 1945 and defeating the French Union in 1954 at Dien Bien Phu. He lost political power inside North Vietnam in the late 1950s, but remained as the highly visible figurehead president until his death. The former capital of South Vietnam, Saigon, after the Fall of Saigon, was renamed Hồ Chí Minh City in his honor.
Term
Pol Pot
Definition
Leader of the Khmer Rouge. Pol Pot imposed a version of agrarian collectivization, forcing city dwellers to relocate to the countryside to work in collective farms and forced labor projects, toward a goal of "restarting civilization" in a "Year Zero". The combined effects of slave labor, malnutrition, poor medical care, and executions resulted in the deaths of an estimated 1.7 to 2.5 million people, approximately 21% of the Cambodian population.
Term
Khmer Rouge
Definition
Capture the capital, Phnom Penh and begin reign of terror. over 2 million slaughtered. wanted to erase all cambodian culture and history and turn the country to 100% rural. refugees flooded thailand. northern vietnamese invaded cambodia. ppl that showed signs of intelligence were killed. unintelligent ppl were okay because they were easier to brainwash. children were also pure because they didn't know any better.
Term
Mao Zedong
Definition
Communist ruler of PRC=People's Republic of China. UN admitted PRC as chinese representative. over 10 million people died and economic problems happened. population problems began under his rule. saw people as his greatest resource.
Term
Chiang Kai Shek
Definition
Anti-communist leader of Republic of China. He fought two fronts.
Term
Corazon Aquino
Definition
11th president of philippines.
Term
Aung San Suu Kyi
Definition
The international community is pressuring myanmar to release aung san suu kyi from detention.
Term
Which is the poorest country in the S. E. Asia?
Definition
Laos
Term
Which country has the highest per capita GNP?
Definition
Thailand's per capita GNP is higher than all other mainland S.E. asia countries combined!
Term
Where the majority of China’s population is clustered (South, West, East, North?)
Definition
In China Proper, which is the south, east, north.
Term
What was China’s 1-child policy? Did it work? What side effects occurred? What changes were made to the policy in order to prevent those effects?
Definition
Population soared after Mao in early 1970s. Infamous 1-child policy was a necessity. Policy led to soaring increase in abortions. Female infanticide due to male preference. Siblings hidden or sent to live with relatives in outer regions. Harsh punishments have been relaxed. Male babies were preferred.
Term
How has China’s view of capitalism changed? What are they doing differently now?
Definition
allowing free market capital in certain industries. They are slowing allowing for more ownership of private property, including companies. That means there is more incentive for companies to become profitable. It puts more capital (money) into the hands of the public to buy goods and property, and to even start more companies. China is just beginning its entrance onto the world stage. It is an emerging market with 1 billion potential consumers. When china's economy gets humming it will be bigger than India, The United States and Europe combined.
Term
Who are the major players in the Pacific Rim?
Definition
East Asia, Indonesia, China,Mongolia, North Korea, Japan, South Korea, Taiwain, Thailand ( only member in S.E. aSia)
Term
Know the main reasons why some countries had economic booms in E. and S.E. Asia
Definition
Tibet- Economic potential lies in hydroelectric plants, minerals, oil fields, and coal reserves.
Japan- Believed in efficient organization, mass productivity, and adherence to common goals.
south korea - borrowed heavily, but in 1980 was named one of the world'stop 10 trading partners.
Taiwan- imports raw materials and exports high tech products. enormous brain powers that draws overseas investments. paid debts to the u.s. much faster than expected.
thailand- situational assets. wealthy. united, resources. great workforce. large tourism industry. long democratic history.
malaysia- kuala lumpur became very urban. skilled and dilligent workforce. relative political stability. lots of diverse resources. great tourism industry.
brunei- one of the highest per capita gnp in realm. no taxes, free medical care, free education, and subsidies. one of the largest oil producers. political stability. homogeneity.
singapore-economic tiger of the pacific rim. great situation[entrepot]. political stability. great brain power. dilligent workers.
Term
Who are the “Jakota Triangle” countries?
Definition
Japan, Korea, and Taiwan.
Term
How does Japan’s view of modernization differed from China’s? What role did England play?
Definition
Economic growth patterns and paths. Japan was able to see that they could use western ideology and still keep culture.
Term
What is the deal with Taiwan? Why are they the ROC?
Definition
They were Nationalists chased off the mainland to Taiwan by the Communists after their civil war.
They still had hopes of re-conquering China from the Communists.
Everybody in the old regime who could fled across the sea to the island of Taiwan, where they continued to exist as the Republic of China. And for 61 years each side has claimed to be the sole ruler of China, when there have actually been two Chinas since then.
Term
Which is the only country in South East Asia which was not colonized?
Definition
Thailand.
Term
Which were the British, French, Spanish/American, and Dutch colonies in South East Asia?
Definition
French Colony- Vietnam. Cambodia. Laos.
British Colony- Myanmar(Burma). Malaysia. Brunei. Singapore.
Dutch Colony- Indonesia.
Spanish/American Colony- Philippines.
Term
How did the Dutch screw up their South East Asian colony?
Definition
Dutch didn’t have a lot of colonial territories.. didn’t exploit them horribly.
Term
How did the British colonies in South East Asia become so divided?
Definition
The british and French ruled in different manners. French were much more likely to try to turn people in colonies French.. import French culture. British were likely to make political divisions based on the cultural differences.
Term
Which French colony in South East Asia was treated the poorest?
Definition
Laos
Term
Which countries in South East Asia are fragmented, compact, protruded, elongated?
Definition
Compact- Cambodia. Singapore.
Elongated- Vietnam. Laos.
Fragmented- Philippines. Malaysia. Brunei. Indonesia.
Protruded- Thailand. Myanmar(Burma)
Term
How did Singapore’s economy became so successful? (Its assets)
Definition
Great situation- "entrepot" between all the major players in southeast asia and the pacific rim.
political stability with lack of corruption.
great brain power and diligent workers.
leaders who recognize that the key to economic success lay in high tech industries.
an economy that is continuing to expand.
the government is basically communist following the chinese order.
a rare example of a socialist/authoritarian government and a market-run economy coexisting.
Term
Why does everyone want to live in Brunei? (Its assets)
Definition
no taxes, free medical care, free education, free subsidies.
political stability. homogeneity. government seeking to build the economy through diversifying it.
Term
What is the main problem preventing Indonesia from economic success?
Definition
Too much heterogeneity.
"transmigration policy"-move people to neighboring islands to ease population density issue. this causes people of different ethnicities to face violent discrimination.
huge pollution problem.
jakarta, the capital, rules above all like an internal colonizer of the rest of the islands.
tensions still exist with east timor.
Term
Why is Tibet fighting for its freedom? When did it lose it?
Definition
Basically they have been occupied on and off for about 750 years. First Mongolia then China with brief interludes by British and others.

during period of the world wars they were mostly left alone as things were going on other places but then around 1950ish China went back in. the CIA helped the Dalai Lama escaped and trained some resistance fighters there.
China has repeatedly crushed any rebellions, interned about 10% of the population in the 50s which most died.
Basically like countries of the former soviet state, they want their independence and to regain their culture.
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