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| the change from making items by hand; to mass producing them in factories by using machines |
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| impact of Industrial Revolution |
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| mass production of items = lower prices = raises the standard of living |
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| the making of clothes and other items made from fabric; the first to industrialize |
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| southern states sold cotton to northern factories to be made into clothing; northern factories sold clothing to southern states; Both made profits from the other. |
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| took steamship concept and applied to a land vehicle; very powerful; could move a lot of people and goods across the USA in days not months |
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| Impact of transportation inventions |
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| goods moved around the country easier, faster, cheaper which means more people can afford to buy items (improves the standard of living) |
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| impact of agricultural inventions |
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| farmers will be able to grow more crops which will feed workers in cities; price of food will drop |
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| Inventor: Eli Whitney; impact: easier to process cotton |
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| impact of cotton gin on slavery |
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Definition
| need more slaves to pick more cotton because cotton gin can quickly pick seeds |
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| working conditions in factories |
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Definition
| dangerous; few breaks; bad air flow; low wages; only 1 day off a week |
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| a new problem in the 1800s caused by factories powered by burning coal |
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| the wealthy plantation owners of the south that had lots of political power and owned many slaves |
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| small southern farmers that lived far apart, but would help each other out; owned maybe 1-2 slaves |
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| didn't own land or slaves; rented land; barely able to get by, |
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| state/local laws that discriminated against African-Americans; could not have a gun, needed permission to leave plantation, or could not learn to read/write |
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| trip from Africa to North America; African transported to North America by force- many died on journey from terrible conditions |
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| someone that wanted to abolish or get rid of slavery in the USA |
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| abolitionists used freedom of speech and press to educate citizens across the USA on the evils of slavery |
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| secret pathways used by slaves to escape from the south and go north; often traveled at night |
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| famous conductor (guide) on the underground railroad; made 13 trips and helped MANY people to escape to the north and freedom |
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Definition
| to settle a dispute each side gives up something and wins something |
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| 36 degree latitude on map was boundary between south (slavery) and north (no slavery); new states had to enter as pairs (slave + free) |
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| California admitted as a free state, but allowed Utah and New Mexico to vote on if they would be free or slave states. Also created the Fugitive Slave Act. |
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| stated that slave owners of south could re-capture slaves that had escaped to the north (part of the Compromise of 1850) |
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| Kansas and Nebraska would be allowed to vote on the issue of slavery; violent and bloody protests broke out in the area because of this law |
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| an ex-slave who had been brought north by his master (MN); lost a Supreme Court case because the court said he had no right to sue because he was "property" |
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| declared Missouri Compromise and other laws that made slavery illegal as unconstitutional because slaves were considered property and owners were protected under the 5th amendment. |
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| belief that one part of the coutry was better than another (north vs. south) |
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| to leave; usually because one is upset about something; southern states began to leave the USA because of Lincoln's election and his strong stand against slavery |
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| won the presidential election of 1860, which led many southern states to secede the USA |
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