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Spring Forensics Final
Grapevine Faith Christian School/ Senior Spring Forensics Final Exam
94
Science
12th Grade
05/11/2014
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Term
Under which circumstances have two people been found to have identical fingerprints?
a) identical twins
b) siamese twins
c) members of the same immediate family
d) fraternal twins
e) none of the above
 Definition
e) none of the above
Term
It is estimated that there are as many as ________ ridge characteristics in an average complete fingerprint.
 Definition
150
Term
What is the minimum number of ridge characteristics necessary before two fingerprints can be identified as the same?
 Definition
no minimum exists. final determination must be made based on experience and knowledge of the expert
Term
when are fingerprints formed?
 Definition
during fetal development
Term
prints that are not readily visible are commonly referred to as:
 Definition
latent
Term
to permanently alter the fingerprint and produce scars, one must damage the:
 Definition
dermal papillae
Term
the most common ridge pattern is the
 Definition
loop
Term
the number of deltas found in an arch pattern is ________ the number of deltas found in a loop pattern
 Definition
less than
Term
AFIS is a(n):
 Definition
computerized system for storing and retrieving fingerprint records
Term
prints impressed in a bar of soap are referred to as:
 Definition
plastic
Term
what chemical treatment produces a white-appearing latent print?
 Definition
super glue fuming
Term
which of the following types of fingerprints are more likely to have been caused by a finger that has touched blood, then a surface?
a) hidden
b) plastic
c) visible
d) latent
e) none of the above
 Definition
c) visible
Term
what statement is true of a partial fingerprint?
 Definition
any print can identify a criminal if it shows an adequate number of ridge characteristics
Term
which of the following is not a ridge characteristic of a fingerprint?
a) bifurcation
b) ridge ending
c) enclosure
d) core
e) island
 Definition
d) core
Term
type AB blood contains
 Definition
both A and B antigens
Term
In the US, the rarest blood type is
 Definition
AB
Term
Paternity testing is done involving a woman with type AB blood who has accused a man with type B blood of fathering her child who has tested AB. What can be determined in this case?
 Definition
the male could have fathered the child
Term
Evidence to substantiate that a rape, specifically, occurred could include:
a) hairs
b) blood and semen
c) fibers
d) physical injuries
e) all of the above
 Definition
d) all of the above
Term
the presence or absence of how many antigens determines an individual's blood type in the A-B-O system?
 Definition
2
Term
an individual who is type O has what antibodies
 Definition
both A and B
Term
________ transport oxygen using the protein hemoglobin from the lungs to the body tissues and carry carbon dioxide back to the lungs
 Definition
red blood cells
Term
when using BPA, the pointed end of a bloodstain always faces
 Definition
in its direction of travel
Term
when an object with blood on it touches one that does not have blood on it, this produces a(n):
 Definition
contact pattern
Term
define forensic science
 Definition
the study and application of science to matters of law
Term
which area of science is involved in criminalistics?
a) metallurgy
b) geology
c) biology
d) chemistry
e) all of the above
 Definition
e) all of the above
Term
the exchange of evidence principle "every contact leaves a trace" was formulated by
 Definition
locard
Term
the oldest forensic laboratory in the United States is that of the
 Definition
Los Angeles Police Department
Term
Which unit has the responsibility for the examination of body fluids and organs for the presence of drugs and poisons?
 Definition
toxicology unit
Term
in the 1993 case of daubert v dow pharmaceutical, the US supreme court advocated that a "gatekeeper" determines the admissibility and reliability of scientific evidence. according to the daubert standard, this gatekeeper of evidence is the
 Definition
trial judge
Term
what is the LEAST important consideration in the gathering of evidence at a crime scene?
 Definition
guilt of the suspect(s)
Term
forensic odontology refers to the study of
 Definition
teeth
Term
the scientific method requires that scientific evidence be validated by:
a) formulating pertinent questions
b) formulating hypotheticals
c) performing experiments
d) all of the above
 Definition
d) all of the above
Term
A crime scene which involved the collapse of a structure would be analyzed by specialists in the are of
 Definition
forensic engineering
Term
the first officer arriving at a crime scene, after providing or obtaining medical assistance for the injured and effecting an arrest of suspects (if possible) should immediately
 Definition
secure the scene/protect the scene
Term
the conditions at a crime scene can be compromised by all of the following actions EXCEPT:
a) smoking at the crime scene
b) eating food at the crime scene
c) taking photographs at the crime scene
d) turning a faucet on the crime scene
e) adjusting the temperature of the crime scene
 Definition
c) taking photographs at the crime scene
Term
Digital crime scene photographs require special measures to assure the admissibility in court due to
 Definition
the ability to manipulate the images
Term
the medical examiner would be responsible for all of the following except:
a) photograph the crime scene
b) identify the deceased
c) notify the next of kin
d) classify the manner of death
 Definition
a) photograph the crime scene
Term
the presence of blood and semen at crime scenes exposes investigators to:
a) AIDS
b) hepatitis B
c) both A and B are blood borne pathogens. this is one of the reasons investigators wear gloves at a crime scene
 Definition
c) both A and B are blood borne pathogens. this is one of the reasons investigators wear gloves at a crime scene
Term
A piece of broken glass is found at the scene. a broken bottle is also found at the scene. The piece of broken glass fits the break and matches the color of the broken bottle. The broken glass is considered what kind of evidence?
 Definition
individual evidence
Term
the supreme court ruled in 1966 that statements made to the police could not be used as evidence unless the accused has been advised of his/her rights in advance. This ruling ultimately came out of a court case involving a mentally challenged man named ________
 Definition
ernesto miranda
Term
to prove guilt, the prosecution will attempt to show:
a) means
b) motive
c) opportunity
d) all of the above
 Definition
d) all of the above
Term
Which of the following types of crimes could result in probation and jail time?
a) infraction
b) misdemeanor
c) felony
d) both b and c
 Definition
d) both b and c
Term
the central canal running through many hairs is known as the:
 Definition
medulla
Term
what does a document examiner/expert do?
 Definition
determines the authenticity of a document
Term
give 3 examples of questionable documents.
 Definition
1. letters
2. checks
3. licenses
Term
when evaluating a document for authenticity, name one trait of the document that could be evaluated.
 Definition
handwriting
Term
graphology is not generally accepted as part of forensic science. Why?
 Definition
graphology is not an exact science or fact, it is only based upon past studies
Term
what does ABFDE stand for?
 Definition
American Board of Forensic Document Examiner
Term
name 5 exemplars used to evaluate handwriting.
 Definition
1. size consistency
2. slant
3. pen pressure
4. baseline habits
5. fancy curls/loops
Term
one guideline a forensic investigator will use when attempting to get a handwriting sample from a suspect is to:
 Definition
the subject should not be shown the document in question
Term
T/F: A linguist predicts character traits from a handwriting examination.
 Definition
false
Term
name the lab test that can be used to compare different types of ink:
 Definition
chromatography
Term
if comparing types of paper, name three traits that would be considered:
 Definition
1. weight
2. color
3. watermarks
Term
when does forgery become fraud?
 Definition
forgery becomes fraud when the item forged is traded for material gain
Term
manufacturing copies of money, artwork, or other goods with the purpose of deception is called
 Definition
counterfeit
Term
passing off fake written documents as authentic is called:
 Definition
forgery
Term
according to Goodwin of Greenback, "paper money cost nothing to produce; it was just a ________, like America"
 Definition
promise
Term
identity theft targets men and women in the ___________ age group more than any other
 Definition
18-29
Term
counterfeiting increased dramatically five years ago because
 Definition
the economy tanked
Term
the counterfeit goods industry continues to flourish in the United States because:
 Definition
there is not enough law enforcement to keep up
Term
The majority of counterfeit US currency in circulation came from
 Definition
columbia
Term
how much of a damaged bill must you present at the bank in order to get a replacement?
 Definition
2/3
Term
90% of counterfeit currency could be prevented
 Definition
if people would check the authenticity of their money
Term
three security features of the newest $20, $50, and $100 bills are
 Definition
serial numbers, color shifting ink, and security strips
Term
a synonym for medial is
 Definition
midline (middle)
Term
the anatomical direction posterior means
 Definition
in back of
Term
in correct anatomical position
 Definition
the body is erect
Term
the lungs are _________ to the heart
 Definition
lateral
Term
the type of blunt force injury that results from a tear of the skin is a
 Definition
laceration
Term
the reason grooves are rifled into the bore of a gun is so that a:
 Definition
bullet will be made to spin and hence have a true and accurate course on leaving the barrel
Term
the barrel of a shotgun:
 Definition
is smooth without the grooves and lands found in rifles
Term
distinctive markings of shells and cartridges can be made by the:
a) extractor and ejector mechanism
b) firing pin
c) breech lock
d) all of the above
 Definition
d) all of the above
Term
generally speaking, the amount of gun powder particles found around a bullet hole is ________ to the distance from which the weapon was fired
 Definition
directly related
Term
to prevent the disturbance of latent fingerprints on a firearm, the weapon should be lifted by:
 Definition
the edge of the trigger guard or by the checkered position of the grip
Term
discharged evidence bullets must be carefully handled to avoid damage to the _______ so that it (they) can be be viewed under a microscope
 Definition
striation markings
Term
tools and tool marks are often found at burglary scenes and can be useful evidence. Proper evidence collection by the field investigator would include:
 Definition
taking a photograph and cast of the marks, if necessary
Term
shoe and tire marks impressed into soft earth can be best preserved by:
 Definition
photographing and casting with dental stone
Term
a wear pattern, cut, gouge, or other damage pattern can impart _________ characteristics to a bullet and, therefore, can match a bullet to a specific gun
 Definition
individual
Term
Which is NOT a class characteristic of a suspect's sneakers?
a) size
b) color
c) wear marks
d) brand
e) style
 Definition
c) wear marks
Term
the distribution of gunpowder particles and other discharge residues around a bullet hole permits:
 Definition
determination of the distance from which the gun was fired
Term
Which of the following would not be considered a manner of death?
a) mechanical
b) accidental
c) natural
d) suicidal
 Definition
a) mechanical
Term
death that arises from "acts caused by another person(s) that a reasonably prudent individual would have understood to have high probability of producing bodily injury or death" is considered
 Definition
homicidal
Term
a man with a heart condition is punched in the leg and dies from a heart attack during the attack. In this case, the manner of death is:
 Definition
accidental
Term
An elderly woman dies after being kept from receiving necessary and proper medical care by a nursing home. The manner of her death would be:
 Definition
homicide
Term
Livor mortis means roughly, the:
 Definition
leader color of death
Term
Pooling of blood in the body, known as lividity, provides a clue as to how long the person has been dead. Lividity first begins about __________ hours after death and becomes fixed after eight hours.
 Definition
two
Term
Dual lividity could occur if the body was kept in one position"
 Definition
two hours after death, and then moved to a second position before the lividity became permanent
Term
death stiffness is roughly defined as:
 Definition
rigor mortis
Term
rigor mortis is:
 Definition
temporary
Term
if a body shows no visible rigor, it has probably been dead
 Definition
less than two hours of more than 48 hours
Term
factors affecting rigor included:
a) sun exposure
b) activity before death
c) type of clothing
d) all of the above
 Definition
d) all of the above
Term
algor mortis:
 Definition
describes the temperature loss in a corpse, resulting in "cold death"
Term
to take a corpse's temperature, forensic investigators insert a thermometer into the:
 Definition
liver
Term
body cells breaking open and oozing contents (cell breakdown) is known as:
 Definition
autolysis
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