Term
| amphotericin B (Amphotec) |
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Definition
Polyene macrolide;
MoA: binds to sterols in fungi, can also bind to kidney & erythrocytes;
Toxicities:
- fever & chills, renal, anemia;
Indications:
- sytemic: broad range;
- superficial: candidiasis;
- protozoal infections; |
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Term
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Definition
imidazole;
MoA:
- inhibition of sterol 14-a-demethylase affects ergosterol biosynthesis & membrane function;
- Half-life: 7-8 hrs;
Toxicities:
- GI: N/V;
- endocrinologic abnormalities;
Indications:
- systemic: broad range EXCEPT Aspergillosis & Mucormycosis;
- superficial: Candidiasis and Ringworm; |
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Term
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Definition
imidazole;
MoA:
- inhibition of sterol 14-a-demethylase affects ergosterol biosynthesis & membrane function;
- Half-life: 12 hrs;
Toxicities:
- low toxicity;
Indications:
- Systemic: Coccidiomycosis, Cryptococcosis, Pseudo Elescheriasis;
- Superficial: Candidiasis; |
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Term
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Definition
triazole;
MoA:
- inhibition of sterol 14-a-demethylase affects ergosterol biosynthesis and membrane function;
- Half-life: 25-30 hrs;
Toxicities:
- low toxicity;
Indication:
- Systemic: broad range EXCEPT Aspergillosis & Mucormycosis;
- Superficial: Candidiasis; |
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Term
|
Definition
triazole;
MoA:
- inhibition of sterol 14-a-demethylase affects ergosterol biosynthesis & membrane function;
- Half-life: 30 hrs;
Toxicity:
- low toxicity;
Indications:
- Systemic: broad range except Mucormycosis;
- Superficial: Candidiasis; |
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Term
|
Definition
antibiotic produced by Penicillum grisofulvum;
MoA:
- disrupts cell mitotic apparatus, arrests cells in metaphase;
- deposited in Keratin precursor cells;
Toxicity:
- CNS: HA;
- GI: N/V;
- Hypersensitivity (rare);
Indications:
- dermatophytoses |
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Term
|
Definition
polyene antibiotic;
MoA:
- binds to sterols of fungal cell membrane, cell leak;
Toxicity:
- low toxicity;
- hypersensitivity (rare);
Indications:
- Candidiasis; |
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Term
| tolnaftate (Aftate, Dr. Scholl's, Tinactin, NP-27) |
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Definition
synthetic thiocarbamate;
MoA:
- inhibition of squalene monooxygenase affects ergosterol biosynthesis & membrane function;
Toxicities:
- low toxicity;
Indications:
- Dermatophytoses; |
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Term
| terbinafine HCl (Lamisil) |
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Definition
synthetic allylamine;
MoA:
- inhibition of squalene monooxygenase affects ergosterol biosynthesis & membrane function;
Toxicity:
- low toxicity;
Indication:
- Dermatophytoses;
- Candidiasis; |
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Term
|
Definition
semisynthetic lipopeptide;
MoA:
- blocks synthesis of (1,3)-d-glucan, a polysaccharaide of fungal cell wall;
Toxicity:
- fever, rash, N/V;
Indications:
- Systemic: Aspergillosis;
- Candidiasis (esophageal) |
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Term
| Empiric Antifungal Therapy |
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Definition
Drugs of Choice: amphotericin B, miconazole;
Routinely used for:
- neutropenic pts, seriously ill pts; |
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Term
| Prophylactic Antifungal Therapy |
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Definition
General Measures:
- maintenance of personal hygiene, hand washing, adhere to restricted diet of cooked foods, avoid invasive procedures;
Chemoprophylaxis:
- administer polyenes (Nystatin), amphotericin B, imidazoles (miconazole, ketoconazole), and triazoles (fluconazole, itraconazole); |
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Term
| Drug Selection for Mild to Moderate Tinea infections |
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Definition
clotrimazole (Lotrimin);
miconazole (Fungold);
tolnaftate (Aftate, Tinactin); |
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Term
| Drug Selection for Moderate-Severe Tinea infections |
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Definition
ketoconazole (oral, Nizoral);
miconazole (Monistat-Derm);
fluconazole (oral, Diflucan);
itraconazole (SporanoxR);
terbinafine (oral, Lamisil); |
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Term
| Drug Selection for Severe Tinea Infections |
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Definition
griseofulvin (oral, Fulvicin);
ketoconazole (oral, Nizoral); |
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Term
| Drug Selection for Tinea Versicolor |
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Definition
ketoconazole (oral Nizoral);
ketoconazole cream (Nizoral);
ketoconazole antidandruff shampoo;
miconazole (Monistat);
fluconazole (oral, Diflucan);
itraconazole (oral, Sporanox);
clotrimazole (Lotrimin); |
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Term
| Drug Treatment for Cutaneous Candidiasis |
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Definition
amphotericin B (Amphotec);
ketoconazole cream 2% (Nizoral);
ketoconazole (oral, Nizoral);
miconazole (Micatin);
fluconazole (oral, Diflucan);
itraconazole (oral, Sporanox);
clotrimazole (Lotrimin);
nystatin (Mycostatin, Nilstat);
terbinafine (oral, Lamisil); |
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Term
| Drug Therapy for Vulvovaginal Candidiasis |
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Definition
ketoconazole (oral, Nizoral);
miconazole (Monistat 3);
fluconazole (oral, Diflucan);
itraconazole (oral, Sporanox);
clotrimazole (Lotrimin);
nystatin (Mycostatin, Nilstat); |
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Term
| Drug Therapy for Oropharyngeal Candidiasis |
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Definition
ketoconazole (oral, Nizoral);
fluconazole (oral, Diflucan);
itraconazole (oral, Sporanox);
clotrimazole (oral, Lotrimin);
nystatin (Mycostatin, Nilstat); |
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