Term
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Definition
MoA: prevents attachment & penetration of viral particles; NOT ORALLY EFFECTIVE;
ADRs: rare - HA, backache, myalgia, nausea, chills; systemic anaphylaxis after IV administration;
Uses: IM injection - early stages partially alleviates progression of hepatitis, measles, rabies, polio, etc.;
T1/2: 2-3 wks;
Administered IV infusion;
Uses:
- prevention of measles & hepatitis A;
- prophylaxis for hepatitis B & measles; |
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Term
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Definition
monoclonal Ab to F protein of RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS (RSV)
- used in high risk infants by IV administration; |
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Term
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Definition
MoA: blocks viral penetration & uncoating, buffers pH of endosomes, blocks M2 viral protein channel;
ORAL administration;
Uses:
- influenza A respiratory tract illness;
- NOT effective against type B illness;
- also used as ANTIPARKINSONIAN agent;
Toxicities:
- mostly CNS - hallucination, confusion, anxiety, irritability, anorexia, nausea, dizziness, occasional vomiting, blurred vision; |
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Term
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Definition
MoA: inhibits influenza virus neuraminidase, effective against all strains of influenza A & B;
PKs: poor oral bioavailability, dry powder for ORAL inhalation;
Uses:
- both tx influenza A & B;
- administered to respiratory tract by oral inhalation ONLY;
Toxicities: uncommon - malaise, fatigue, fever, abdominal pain, myalgia, arthralgia, urticaria; |
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Term
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Definition
MoA: inhibits influenza virus neuraminidase, effective against all strains of influenza A & B;
PKs: ORAL PILL FORM;
- available systemically (ADV) |
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Term
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Definition
purine nucleoside analog;
MoA: inhibits viral RNA polymerases & mRNA synthesis;
Administered via AEROSOL & absorbed systemically;
Uses:
- respiratory syncytial virus infections (RSV);
- chronic hepatitis C virus infection (in combo w/ interferon alfa-2a);
Toxicities:
- infants --> sudden deterioration of respiratory function;
- adults - NOT INDICATED for use in adults;
- WARNING - produce testicular lesions & is teratogenic;
Precautions: healthcare workers who are pregnanty should AVOID direct care of pts receiving aerosolized agent;
- HA, conjunctivitis; |
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Term
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Definition
trifluoro analog of thymidine;
MoA: inhibits viral & cellular DNA polymerases causing chain termination;
Uses:
- topical treatment of keratoconjunctivitis & recurrent epithelial keratitis due to Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV - both types I & II);
ADRs:
- visual haze;
- teratogenic, mutagenic in vitro |
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Term
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Definition
purine nucleoside analog derived from guanine;
MoA: to be effective, MUST be phosphorylated (30-300x faster phosphorylation occurs in herpes infected cells than non-infected cells);
- inhibits herpes viral DNA polymerase & inhibits viral DNA synthesis & viral replication;
- virtually NON-TOXIC to normal human cell;
Toxicity: NON-TOXIC;
Uses (Topical, Oral, IV):
IV - mucocutaneous herpes simplex in immuno-compromised pts, prophylaxis of herpes simplex, herpes zoster, herpes simplex encephalitis, & neonatal herpetic dissemination;
Topical - mucocutaneous herpes virus infections, genital herpes, herpes simplex keratitis;
Oral - mucocutaneous herpes infection in immunocompromised pts, varicella-zoster virus in children; |
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Term
| ganciclovir (Cytovene, Vitrasert) |
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Definition
synthetic purine nucleoside analog of guanine related to acyclovir;
MoA: phosphorylated in cells infected with cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA polymerase, suppresses chain elongation & inhibits CMV replication;
Uses:
- CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS;
- life- or sight-threatening CMV infections;
Toxicities:
- teratogenic & carcinogenic;
- granuloctypoenia, thrombocytopenia;
- severe myelosuppression; |
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Term
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Definition
phosphoformic acid;
MoA: inhibits viral DNA polymerase;
Uses:
- CMV retinitis in pts w/ AIDS;
Toxicities:
- renal failure (use w/ caution in pts w/ renal dx); |
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Term
| interferon alfa-2b (Intron A) |
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Definition
genetically engineered plasmid;
MoA: inhibits viral protein synthesis & viral replication by inducing host cell to produce enzymes that inhibit translation of viral mRNA to viral proteins;
Uses:
- cutaneous warts;
- chronic hepatitis B;
- chronic hepatitis C w/ ribavirin;
Also acts as anticancer agent against:
- bladder tumors;
- AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma;
- hairy cell leukemia; |
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Term
| rabies immune globulin (Hyperab) |
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Definition
MoA: Ab neutralizes virus, inhibiting pathogenesis;
Indications: passive immunity to rabies virus;
Toxicity:
- local tenderness & stiffness;
- systemic anaphylaxis after IV administration; |
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