Term
What is:
The study of the processes where feed nutrients are presented to and utilized by living cells for productive processes - maintenance, lactation, and growth. |
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Definition
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Term
What's his name:
Founder of the science of nutrition, head of weights and measures, established chemical basis of nutrition, respiration chamber, combustion was oxidative - "the fire of life". |
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Definition
| Antoine Lavoisier (1800s Frenchman) |
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Term
What is:
Any chemical in the diet that supports normal reproduction, growth, lactation, or maintenance of the life processes. |
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Definition
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Term
What is:
Not synthesized in great enough quantities to support life processes. |
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Definition
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Term
What is:
Needed in the diet. Can't be made by the body. |
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Definition
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Term
What is:
Not needed in the diet. Can be made in the body. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the six essential nutrient classifications? |
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Definition
| Water, Carbohydrates, Fat, Protein, Minerals, and Vitamins |
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Term
What are:
Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Polysaccharides. |
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Definition
| The three types of Carbohydrates |
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Term
What are:
Glucose, Galactose, and Fructose. |
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Definition
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Term
What are:
Lactose, Sucrose, and Maltose. |
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Definition
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Term
What are:
Starch, Cellulose, Hemicellulose, and Lignin. |
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Definition
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Term
| Starch can be either _________ or ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Glucose is important in ____________ while Volatile Fatty Acids are important in _________. |
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Definition
| Monogastrics and Ruminants |
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Term
| Fats and Lipids: What are the three essential fatty acids? |
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Definition
| Linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acid |
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Term
| Protein: What is the acronym for the ten essential amino acids? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which is not an essential amino acids: Histamine, Arginine, Lysine, Methionine, Histidine? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the amino acids for PVT? |
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Definition
| Phenylalanine, valine, and threonine |
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Term
| What are the amino acids for TIM? |
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Definition
| Tryptophan, isoleucine, and methionine |
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Term
| What are the amino acids for HALL? |
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Definition
| Histidine, arginine, leucine, and lysine |
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Term
Minerals: Macro or Micro?
Calcium |
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Definition
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Term
Minerals: Macro or Micro?
Sodium |
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Definition
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Term
Minerals: Macro or Micro?
Potassium |
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Definition
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Term
Minerals: Macro or Micro?
Phosphorus |
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Definition
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Term
Minerals: Macro or Micro?
Chloride |
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Definition
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Term
Minerals: Macro or Micro?
Magnesium |
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Definition
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Term
Minerals: Macro or Micro?
Sulfur |
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Definition
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Term
Minerals: Macro or Micro?
Copper |
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Definition
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Term
Minerals: Macro or Micro?
Iodine |
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Definition
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Term
Minerals: Macro or Micro?
Chromium |
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Definition
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Term
Minerals: Macro or Micro?
Vanadium |
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Definition
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Term
Minerals: Macro or Micro?
Silicon |
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Definition
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Term
Minerals: Macro or Micro?
Zinc |
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Definition
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Term
Minerals: Macro or Micro?
Manganese |
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Definition
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Term
Minerals: Macro or Micro?
Cobalt |
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Definition
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Term
Minerals: Macro or Micro?
Tin |
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Definition
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Term
Minerals: Macro or Micro?
Molybdenum |
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Definition
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Term
Minerals: Macro or Micro?
Iron |
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Definition
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Term
Minerals: Macro or Micro?
Selenium |
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Definition
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Term
Minerals: Macro or Micro?
Nickel |
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Definition
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Term
Minerals: Macro or Micro?
Flourine |
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Definition
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Term
| Macro or Micro: % in diet? |
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Definition
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Term
| Macro or Micro: ppm or ppb in diet? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the four Fat Soluble vitamins? |
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Definition
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Term
Vitamins: What are:
Biotin, Choline, Folic Acid, Niacin, Pantothinc Acid, Riboflavin, Thiamin, B6, B12, and Vit C |
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Definition
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Term
| Carbohydrates, Fats, and Protein make up... |
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Definition
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Term
| Needed in the largest quantities of all the nutrients |
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Definition
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Term
| What is interstitial fluid? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is intracellular fluid? |
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Definition
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Term
What is:
The breakdown of water to H+ and OH-.
Metabolism - most chemical reactions require H2O. |
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Definition
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Term
Which releases the most metabolic water?
CHO, Protein, or Fat? |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ (gradual) dehydration results because of scours, urinary tract problems, and/or lack of drinking water. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ dehydration due to NO water intake. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is dehydration with access to water? (sudden intake after no water) |
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Definition
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Term
What is:
Decrease of H2O in blood, osmoreceptors, hypothalmus, pituitary, vasopressin (4-8 hours), kidneys increase H2O absorption, then animals are allowed to drink what they want and their cells burst. |
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Definition
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Term
| The three places you lose water? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the sweetest tasting carbohydrate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is known as milk sugar? |
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Definition
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Term
| What form of starch is soluble in water and exists in a straight chain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What disaccharide is composed of only glucose molecules? |
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Definition
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Term
Carbohydrates contain only three elements:
(1:2:1 ratio) |
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Definition
| Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
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Term
Hexoses: Alpha-D-_______
Primary energy for monogastrics. Well digested. Polymers - starch. |
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Definition
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Term
Hexoses: Beta-D-_______
Identical to Alpha-D. Not well digested. Polymers - cellulose. |
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Definition
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Term
Hexoses: Beta-D-_________
Milk sugar. |
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Definition
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Term
Hexoses: Beta-D-________
Found mainly in honey and fruit. Sucrose. Sweetest of the CHO's. |
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Definition
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Term
____-D-Glucose + Fructose =
_______ (table sugar), easily digested. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Galactose + ____-D-Glucose =
_______ (milk sugar), easily digested. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Two ____-D-Glucose =
_______ (starch digestion). |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Two ____-D-Glucose =
__________ (no mammalian digestion, cellulose). |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Straight chain of _____-D-Glucose: |
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Definition
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Term
| Two straight chains of _____-D-Glucose connected by an _____ 1,6 linkage: |
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Definition
| Alpha, alpha, and amylopectin |
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Term
| Starch: Soluble in hot water: |
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Definition
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Term
| Starch: Insoluble in water: |
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Definition
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Term
_____-D-Glucose --> Disaccharide -->
_______ --> Amylose --> Amylopectin |
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Definition
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Term
| Polysaccharide: Storage form of starch, nearly identical to amylopectin, soluble in water, and found in liver and muscles. |
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Definition
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Term
| Polysaccharide: Found primarily in plants. ____-D-Glucose chain: |
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Definition
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Term
| Polysaccharide: Not a Carbohydrate, indigestible by most everything, and as the amount ingested increases, digestibility decreases: |
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Definition
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Term
| Lipids have one thing in common, the are water _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which has more energy in one gram, Fat or CHO? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two types of lipids? |
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Definition
| Saturated and unsaturated |
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Term
| Which type of lipid is a solid? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of lipid is a liquid? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of lipid is hydrogen bonded? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of lipid is carbon bonded? (omega-3's) |
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Definition
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Term
| Longer chained fats tend to be _____ at room temperature. |
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Definition
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Term
| Triglycerides containing primarily ___________ fatty acids are liquid at room temperature. |
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Definition
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Term
| Oxidation of lipids are a source of CO2 + H2O + ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Lipids: In the blood as lipo-protein complexes as Cholesterol, Hormones, and the fat-soluble vitamins _, _, _, and _. |
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Definition
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Term
| Lipids: Are a cheap substitute for ___. |
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Definition
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Term
What does these: (three words)
Cell membrane components, transport, smooth muscle contraction, blood vessel constriction, and secretion of mucus coating of the stomach. |
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Definition
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Term
| Normal digestibility of fat is __-__% |
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Definition
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Term
| All three of the _________ _____ _____ are made by micro organisms in the rumen. |
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Definition
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Term
Composition of protein:
%N x 6.25 = % _____ _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Protein requirements ________ as age increases. |
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Definition
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Term
| Enzymes lipase, maltase, and trypsin are ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Growth hormones and insulin are proteins which means they can't be taken ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The immune system's __________ are proteins which is why colostrum is so important. |
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Definition
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Term
| Protein is a carrier of essential _____ _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Amino acids are linked together with _______ bonds. |
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Definition
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Term
| Glucogenic amino acids enter the Kreb's cycle and are converted to _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Ketogenic amino acids are converted to acetyl CoA with are converted to _______. |
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Definition
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