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Spring 2014 ANSI Exam 2
Vocab, nutrients, digestive systems, etc.
94
Nutrition
Undergraduate 1
03/06/2014

Additional Nutrition Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Minerals are _________ elements needed in small amounts.
Definition
Inorganic
Term
Requirements for ________ are influenced by age, physiological status, body storage, and environment.
Definition
Minerals
Term
Calcium
Definition
Macro
Term
Phosphorus
Definition
Macro
Term
Sodium
Definition
Macro
Term
Chloride
Definition
Macro
Term
Potassium
Definition
Macro
Term
Magnesium
Definition
Macro
Term
Sulfur
Definition
Macro
Term
Copper
Definition
Micro
Term
Iodine
Definition
Micro
Term
Iron
Definition
Micro
Term
Manganese
Definition
Micro
Term
Selenium
Definition
Micro
Term
Zinc
Definition
Micro
Term
Mineral found in bone, teeth, and muscle.
Definition
Calcium
Term
Largest % of bone, required for bone development.
Definition
Calcium
Term
Required for muscle contractions, blood clotting, acid/base balance, and neuromuscular control.
Definition
Calcium
Term
Rickets - abnormal bone growth
Definition
Calcium
Term
Osteomalacia - brittle bone
Definition
Calcium
Term
Parturient Paresis - milk fever
Definition
Calcium
Term
Sources: Limestone, grains (low concentration), and grasses/legumes (good source)
Definition
Calcium
Term
Secondary mineral in the body
Definition
Phosphorus
Term
Closely related to calcium in the bone matrix
Definition
Phosphorus
Term
Deficiency: Decreased growth, paralysis, and tetany (death)
Definition
Phosphorus
Term
Bone, nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and glucose-6-phosphate, ATP
Definition
Phosphorus
Term
Sources: Dicalcium phosphate, oyster shells (good), bone meal (good), and grasses (poor)
Definition
Phosphorus
Term
Ratio of calcium and phosphorus in bone? Ca:P
Definition
1.75:1
Term
Dietary ratio of calcium and phosphorus? Ca:P
Definition
2:1 to 1.1:1
Term
Pica - bone eating
Definition
Ca and P
Term
70% in bone
Definition
Magnesium
Term
Bone development, energy metabolism, and part of chlorophyll.
Definition
Magnesium
Term
Deficiency: Hyper-irritability, convulsions, death, vasodilation, and grass tetany in spring fresh cows (convulsions, tetany and death)
Definition
Magnesium
Term
Source: grains (good to fair), grass (fair to poor), and mineral specific powder
Definition
Magnesium
Term
Three electrolytes (charged elements)
Definition
Na/K/Cl
Term
90% is outside of cell
Definition
Sodium
Term
90% is inside of cell
Definition
Potassium
Term
Most is outside of cell
Definition
Chlorine
Term
Animals crave it, drink urine, and causes stress
Definition
Sodium
Term
Dehydrated and stressed animals
Definition
Potassium
Term
HCl acid/base balance out of whack
Definition
Chlorine
Term
Ruminant only: Function: methionine (hair wool)
Definition
Sulfur
Term
Ruminant only: Deficiency: wool quality and bacteria crude protein yield lowered
Definition
Sulfur
Term
Source: NaSO4
Definition
Sulfur
Term
Red blood cell formation, reproduction, collagen formation, and macro effect: antibiotic (swine)
Definition
Copper
Term
Deficiency: anemia and reproduction losses
Definition
Copper
Term
Toxic to _____ because of low tolerance to copper.
Definition
Sheep
Term
O2 transport in the body and hemoglobin.
Definition
Iron
Term
Deficiency: anemia, especially low in piglets - Sow's milk low in it so they get injected
Definition
Iron
Term
Thumps - low O2 carrying capacity
Definition
Iron
Term
Interacts with vitamin E
Definition
Selenium
Term
Acts as peroxidase - enzyme complex that breaks down free radicals, antioxidant
Definition
Selenium
Term
Deficiency: White muscle disease in lambs, infertility
Definition
Selenium
Term
Coenzyme with insulin and bone growth
Definition
Zinc
Term
Deficiency: Parakeratosis (skin flakes), decreased bone growth, and decreased glucose uptake
Definition
Zinc
Term
Source: galvanized fences, wire, and nails
Definition
Zinc
Term
Most commonly deficient minerals: Most all can be toxic
Definition
Ca, P, K, Mg, Na, Cu, Fe, Se, Zn
Term
Classification: Fat soluble lipid with long term storage in the body
Definition
A, D, E, K
Term
Vitamin: all animals require it
Definition
A
Term
Vision, epithelial cell maintenance, and bone growth
Definition
A
Term
Deficiency: Night blindness, decreased reproductive performance, and decreased bone growth
Definition
A
Term
Vitamin: Selenium interacts with it, peroxidase activity, white muscle disease, and carcass quality (color characteristics)
Definition
E
Term
Sunshine, absorbed by the skin and plants
Definition
D
Term
Calcium metabolism and absorption
Definition
D
Term
Deficiency: Abnormal bone
Definition
D
Term
Required for blood clotting, Intestional micro synthesis (avian), and found in greens
Definition
K
Term
Not a question: Water soluble: B1 thiamine (beri-beri-POW), Riboflavin, Pantothenic acid, Niacin (NAD-NADH to 3ATP etc.), and Vitamin B12
Definition
Involved in metabolism
Term
Vitamin: Energy metabolism, immune system, and scurvy
Definition
C
Term
All _____ soluble vitamins are involved in the metabolic process: Deficiency: Decreased growth, Decreased efficiency, no storage and not stable.
Definition
Water
Term
Step 1
Definition
Prehension
Term
Step 2
Definition
Masticaiton
Term
Step 3
Definition
Salivation
Term
Step 4
Definition
Swallowing
Term
Step 5
Definition
Stomach
Term
Step 6
Definition
Small intestine
Term
Step 7
Definition
Large intestine
Term
Step 8
Definition
Defication
Term
Step 9
Definition
Urination (not avian)
Term
Seizing and conveying food to the mouth
Definition
Prehension
Term
Chewing/vertical movements of the jaw which crush the food particles between teeth
Definition
Mastication
Term
Pigs, little chewing
Birds, none
Humans, slow and lots of chewing
Definition
Mastication
Term
First form a bolus, swallow, rumen, regurgitate, more chewing, and the ruminate. (Dairy cows chew ~42,000 times a day)
Definition
Mastication
Term
Horses have to chew thoroughly because they can't regurgitate
Definition
Mastication
Term
Secretion/mixing of saliva with food
Definition
Salivation
Term
Parotid - beneath ear
Submandibular(submaxillary) - sides of jaw
Sublingual - Underneath the tongue
Definition
Salivation
Term
Horse ~40 liters
Cow ~60 liters
Dairy cow ~150 liters
Definition
Salivation
Term
Water 99%
Mucin
Electrolytes (Na/K)
Salivary amylase
Definition
Salivation
Term
Enzyme present in man, ape, pig, reat, and some avian but not cattle, dog, cat, or horse.
Definition
Salivary amylase
Term
Lubrication of food, Acts as solvent, Cleans oral cavity (inhibits growth of bacteria), Washes dental cavity, Buffers NaCO3 in ruminants, Nitrogen recycling in ruminants(urea), and Phosphorus source for ruminants
Definition
Salivaiton
Term
Reflex of passing anything from the mouth through the esophagus to the stomach
Definition
Swallowing
Term
Voluntary first 1/3
Involuntary last 2/3
Definition
Swallowing
Term
Peristaltic wave
Definition
Swallowing
Term
Cardiac sphincter is the end of the esophagus
Definition
Swallowing
Term
If the _______ sphincter is malfunctioning, you have acid reflux.
Definition
Cardiac
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