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Definition
| the body of a multicellular fungus; "many hyphae together" |
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| a mass of individual tubular filaments, in which absorption of nutrients takes place. |
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Definition
| nitrogen-containing compound that strengthens the cell walls of hyphae |
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| classified all organisms as plants and animals; he is the reason that although plants and fungi are genetically different, we still group them together |
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| earth first formed [? yrs ago] |
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Definition
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| first life on earth [? yrs ago] |
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Definition
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| bacteria, archaea, and eukarya |
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Definition
| the three distinct groupings (lineages) that arose from the "common ancestor" |
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| eukarya line [consists of?] |
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Definition
| consists of plants, animals, and other multicellular organisms |
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Definition
| describes the movement of fungi |
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Definition
| describes the makeup of Fungi, results in a high surface area area to volume ratio adaptative for absorptive heterotrophy - trhoughout the mycelium (except in fruiting structures), all of the hyphaeo are very close to their food source. however the downside to this is that the fungi then loses water rapidly in a dry environment |
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Definition
| associations of a fungus with a cyanobacterium, a unicellular photosynthetic algae, or both. Great indicator of clean air, usually the first organisms to recolonize an area |
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Definition
| how Fungi obtain their food |
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Definition
| generally involves spores and can be sexual or asexual, generally on land (terrestrial) |
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Definition
| Fungal means of obtaining nutrition: use organic substrates & enzymes to get their nutrients |
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| can potentially digest any organic compounds/can be destructive |
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Definition
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Definition
| baking (yeast)/cheese (inoculation preventing bacterial growth)/brewing (ethanol production) industries |
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Term
| sexual reproduction in fungi |
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Definition
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Term
| asexual reproduction in fungi |
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Definition
| pieces of filament break off and become new structures |
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Definition
| the above ground, reproductive structure of a fungi, usually pops up due to a change in the environment |
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Definition
| what makes up the majority of the body of a fungi - the whole underground structure |
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Definition
| modified hyphae that anchor fungi to their substrate (i.e. dead organism or other matter) - NOT homologous to plant rhizoids, DO NOT absorb nutrients and water |
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Definition
| associations between fungi and the roots of plants - the fungi infect the root hairs of vascular plants and provide it with water and nutrients (SA to V ratio) |
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Term
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Definition
| the different sexes of fungi - if compatible, they meet, they fuse, and begin the sexual reproduction cycle of fungi |
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Term
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Definition
| genetic makeup where nuclei remain separate (N + N) |
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Term
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Definition
| one nucleus per cell in fungal hyphae (N) |
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Term
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Definition
| fine tissue-like structures on the fruiting body of fungi, on them the nuclei in each cell fuse to make a diploid, 2N nucleus, |
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| the only diploid 2N stage in the sexual fungal life cycle |
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Definition
| on the gills on the fruiting body -> sexual recombination->meiosis->production of N+ and N- spores. |
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Term
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Definition
| fungi that grows on the fecal matter of other animals, displays phototropism -> it bend toward the light and releases spores from it's spore mass onto the grass, the grass is then eaten and the spore mass is released when the cow defecates - since the cow walks a lot, it distributes the spores |
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Term
| mitosis in the fungal sexual life cycle |
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Definition
| occurs when the spores are becoming different mating strains |
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Term
| unicellular algae (plankton) |
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Definition
| diatoms & dinoflagellates |
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Term
| unicellular and multicellular algae (seaweeds) |
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Definition
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Definition
| depends on pigments, food reserves, presence/absence of flagella, composition of cell wall |
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Term
| kinds of reproduction in algae |
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Definition
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Definition
| first instance of alternation of generations, the gametophyte or sporophyte can be the dominant generation |
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Definition
| unicellular, base of most food chains, found near surface of water, can algal bloom |
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Term
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Definition
| ~80% of atmosphere regen, cell walls contain silica - unique shapes, settle on bottom of ocean/lakes as they die, makes layers, then rise to the surface and make diatomaceous earth which is used as a mild abrasive in toothpaste/nail polish/filtration systems |
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Term
| the different parts of a kelp and their purposes |
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Definition
| holdfast - attach to rock underwater. blades - large SA for photosynth. stalk - attaches the blades to the holdfast. air bladder - keeps the blades afloat and stable |
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Term
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Definition
| food, alginates (shaving cream, whip cream, agar (petri dishes)) |
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Term
| the "original" alternation of generations |
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Definition
| the alternation of the 2N spore-producing sporophyte and the N gamete-producing gametophyte |
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Term
| delayed fertilization in alternation of generations |
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Definition
| brought upon by the "new plant", or the gamete bearing N gametophyte - it gets "inserted" into the life cycle |
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Term
| why algae need water for fertilization |
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Definition
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Term
| when did movement of plants onto land occur |
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Definition
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Term
| what barriers did plants face in moving onto land |
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Definition
| protective devices for gametes. nutrient transport systems, support mechanisms |
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Term
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Definition
the contemporary land plants which are probably the most similar of extant plants to the first land
plants - mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. small, inconspicous, dominance of free-living gametophyte, development of archegonia and antheridia (multicellular), commercially important in formation of peat bogs. |
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Term
| two hallmarks of alternation of generations |
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Definition
| both a mulitcellular diploid stage and a multicellular haploid stage / gametes produced by mitosis (not meiosis), meiosis produces spores that develop into multicellar haploid organisms |
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Definition
| protective structure that houses the spores (i.e. on a sporophyll) |
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Definition
| plants that bear a single type of spore (spores produced by the sporophyte are of a single type and develop into a single type of gametophyte that bears both female and male reproductive organs) |
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Term
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Definition
| plants with a system of two distinct types of spores - a megaspore that develops into a specifically female gametophyte (megagametophyte) that produces only eggs and a microspore, which is smaller and develops into a male gametophyte (microgametophyte) that only produces sperm. as a result of heterospory, the sporophyte plant must develop two types of sporangia |
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