Term
| how are vowels classified ? |
|
Definition
| relationships amongst the first three formant frequencies |
|
|
Term
| vocal tract it what kind of resonator ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the perceptual-acoustic nature of vowels? |
|
Definition
Always voiced
Relatively Open Vocal Tract Positions
Resonant Sounds (No Noise)
Loudest Sounds
Longest Duration (center of syllables)
Carriers of Prosody (intensity, frequency, duration)
Can be Meaningful in Isolation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| source= phonation filter=vocal tract; tube open at one end and closed at the other. |
|
|
Term
| Constriction in vocal tract around maximum pressure; what happens? |
|
Definition
| If blocked or narrowed formant frequency raises |
|
|
Term
| Constriction in vocal tract around maximum velocity; what happens? |
|
Definition
| if point of maximum velocity is constricted the formant frequency lowers |
|
|
Term
| For F1, where are the points of maximum pressure and velocity |
|
Definition
| Maximum pressure= glottis, maximum velocity= opening of oral (lips) |
|
|
Term
| F1; how is it influenced? |
|
Definition
Tongue height (volume of oral-pharyngeal cavity)
Degree of mouth opening at the lips |
|
|
Term
| F2; how is it influenced? |
|
Definition
| 3 times the F1; Length of the oral cavity (tongue advancement) |
|
|
Term
| F3; how is it influenced? |
|
Definition
| 5 times the F1; Length of the oral cavity (front versus back tongue), Along for the ride with F2 |
|
|
Term
| As we move from high to low tongue height what happens to F1 and F2? |
|
Definition
| The higher the tongue the lower the formant frequency, the lower the tongue the higher the formant frequency |
|
|
Term
| As we move from front to back tongue advancement what happens to F1 and F2? |
|
Definition
| Back vowels have longer distance between tongue constriction and the lips, so F2 is lower; Front vowels have shorter distance between tongue constriction and the lips, so F2 is higher |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vowels that change resonant characteristics during its production |
|
|
Term
| How are consonants classified? |
|
Definition
| Manor of articulation, place and voicing |
|
|
Term
| Stops; what are they (definition)? |
|
Definition
| Air is totally blocked behind an articulator for a period of time. |
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 main features of stops? |
|
Definition
1. Stop gap (silent
2. Release burst of aperiodic sound
3. Formant transitions
4. Voice onset time (VOT) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The forcing of breath through a constricted passage; Narrow constriction in vocal tract; relatively longer noise that stops. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fricatives with intense high-frequency energy; darker on specto |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| = fricatives with low intensity energy spread out over a broad range of frequencies; lighter on spectrogram |
|
|
Term
| Affricates; What are they (definition)? |
|
Definition
| A complex speech sound consisting of a stop consonant followed by a fricative |
|
|
Term
| Nasals; What are they (definition)? |
|
Definition
| Articulated by lowering the soft palate so that air resonates in the nasal cavities and passes out the nose. |
|
|
Term
| What is the nasal formant? |
|
Definition
| The most intense (range 200-300hz) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Area of dead space, acoustic energy is damped |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a vowel-like sound that acts like a consonant, in that it serves the same function in a syllable carrying the same amount of prominence as a consonant relative to a true vowel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A consonant articulated without friction and capable of being prolonged like a vowel. they are SUSTAINABLE |
|
|
Term
| What happens to F3 for both /l/ and /r/? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is partial assimilation? |
|
Definition
| Alteration in movement of a single articulator; acoustic differences in spectrogram but perception is similar |
|
|
Term
| What is complete assimilation? |
|
Definition
| Alteration in movement of a single articulator; distinctive feature of one sound extends through another sound |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Overlapping of distinctive features as the articulatory gestures move from vowels to consonants;
2 Articulators moving simultaneously for different phonemes; perception not affected |
|
|
Term
| what are suprasegmental features? |
|
Definition
| vary pitch, intensity, and other factors as we speak to signal meaning; 3 main features: intonation (pitch), (emphasis) and duration (length of time) |
|
|
Term
| VP incompetence (cleft palate); what would you see in spectrogram? |
|
Definition
Consistent nasal formant
Slight increase in F1 and slight lowering of F2 and F3 |
|
|
