Term
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Definition
Fuel for endurance
Optimal functioning
Essential FA's body cannot make |
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Term
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Definition
IMTG's
Plamsa FFA's
Adipose Tissue
Plasma TG's
VLDL (liver) |
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Term
| Main source of fat fuel for exercise |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
IMTG breakdown substrate
Pumped from muscle to liver (passively) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Reesterfication
70% of FAA reesterfied |
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Term
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Definition
FA's back to storage form
Decreases w/ exercise
Increases w/ rest |
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Term
| What has the most storage capacity of fat for oxidization? |
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Definition
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Term
| Two main sources of fat oxidized during exercise |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
breakdown of TG's
(products: Glycerol & Fat) |
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Term
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Definition
Hormone Sensitive Lipase
(inside adipocyte) |
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Term
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Definition
| Putting FA's back to storage form |
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Term
| Accelerates Lipolysis (hormone) |
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Definition
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Term
| Slows down lipolysis (hormone) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| FA protein carrier in blood |
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Term
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Definition
| FA's not bound to a carrier |
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Term
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Definition
| Protein carriers that control trans. of FA from BLOOD to GLUCOSE |
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Term
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Definition
| Protein for trans. of FA across OUTER mito. membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| Protein for trans. of FA across INNER mito. membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzyme that helps FA get into mito. |
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Term
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Definition
Pathway LONG FA chains split
(Product: 2 CoA mols)
Go to krebs for energy production |
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Term
| What has an effect on fat oxidation? |
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Definition
Exercise Intensity
Exercise Duration
Training status |
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Term
| What intensity brings the most fat oxidation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What stimulates Lipolysis |
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Definition
| Epinephrine and adrenergic stimulation |
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Term
| What must happen for beta oxidation to occur? |
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Definition
| Fats must be broken down to glycerol and fatty acids |
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Term
| What can FA's not be used for? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Does not improve performance |
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Term
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Definition
| Increase in fat utilization resulting in glycogen sparing |
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Term
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Definition
| Do not improve endurance capacity |
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Term
| Training status vs. lipolysis |
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Definition
| Lipolysis levels stay the same, non dependent on training status |
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Term
| What % of body proteins are muscle protein? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the most abundant proteins in muscle? |
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Definition
| Contractile Proteins (e.g. Myosin, Actin) |
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Term
| What state are proteins in? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
most abundant AA's
20% of AA's in muscle |
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Term
| Rate of muscle protein turnover |
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Definition
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Term
| Rate of blood proteins and enzymes turnover |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Synthesis and Degradation (Build and Tear) |
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Term
|
Definition
Small pool of Free AA's in muscle
For when need to synthesize proteins |
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Term
| Protein Breakdown functions |
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Definition
Degrades damaged proteins
Provide energy
Synthesis for hormones, neurotransmitters |
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Term
| AA's non-protein compounds it can form |
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Definition
Can be oxidized
Gluconeogenesis
Produce FA's from |
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Term
| What must be removed from AA's to have them oxidized |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
AAx + Keto-acid(y) --> AA(y) + Keto-acid (x)
AA for a certain keto-acid must bind with a keto acid for another AA first in order to oxidize |
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Term
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Definition
carbon skelton precusor to AA oxidation
Recycled to another AA or is oxidized |
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Term
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Definition
AA is removed from its Keto Acid to form Ammonia
Happens if there is excess protein intake |
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Term
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Definition
Glucogenic (turned to Glucose)
Lipogenic (turned to FA)
Oxidized |
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Term
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Definition
Oxidized by the muscle
Nitrogen donor (facillitates AA synthesis) |
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Term
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Definition
Cysteine & Tyrosine
Can create if we have right ingredients from diet |
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Term
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Definition
Enzymes, hormones
rapid turnover rate (need them frequently) |
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Term
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Definition
Collagen, actin, myosin
slow turnover rate (need them sparingly) |
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Term
| Why is there a Free AA pool? |
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Definition
Have more Protein Turnover than Intake
Always some protein left over |
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Term
| 2 thoughts of protein requirements for athletes |
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Definition
Higher requirement for athletes
(AA oxidized, more PRO synth. required to repair damage)
2. PRO require. are equal for athletes/non athletes
(AA oxidized do not come from contractile proteins, no diff. in Nitro. balance) |
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Term
| PRO requirements after resistance exercise |
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Definition
Muscle PRO turnover high
Muscle PRO breakdown high
Muscle PRO Synth. higher than breakdown |
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Term
| How long are PRO turnover rates altered post exercise? |
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Definition
| ~48 hours after strenght/ high intesity dynamic exercise |
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Term
| Low to Mod intensity effect on PRO turnover |
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Definition
| No effect, glycogen depletion can lead to PRO oxidation after prolonged though |
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Term
| RDA of protein for athletes |
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Definition
1.2-1.8 g per kg of B.W.
no clear cut need |
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Term
| Do athletes need a protein supp.? |
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Definition
| No, as long as needs are meet through total energy require. and diet |
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Term
| What effect does training status have on PRO oxidation during exercise? |
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Definition
| More trained = less PRO breakdown |
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Term
| What is PRO intake specific to? |
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Definition
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Term
| What can Low PRO intake can lead to? |
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Definition
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Term
| What sports are low PRO intake risk? |
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Definition
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Term
What can strength training lead to?
(PRO metabolism) |
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Definition
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Term
What can endurance training lead to?
(PRO metabolism) |
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Definition
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Term
| PRO metabolism and training |
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Definition
| more efficient at using PRO and less PRO waste with training |
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Term
| Low to Mod intensity edurance exercise and PRO |
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Definition
no effect on PRO turnover
Glycogen depletion--> leads to PRO oxidation |
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Term
| RDA PRO intake for athletes |
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Definition
1.2-1.8 g/kg day
No supp needed |
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Term
| Training and PRO breakdown |
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Definition
| more trained = less PRO breakdown |
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Term
| PRO intake for Resistance training |
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Definition
Prevent Negative nitrogen balance
balances in 12 days |
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Term
| feeding post immediately post exercise effect PRO |
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Definition
| Pro synth > Pro breakdown |
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Term
| What does negative nitrogen balance cause? |
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Definition
no hypertrophy
(delayed feeding 24-48 hrs post exercise |
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Term
| CHO-PRO postworkout intake benefits |
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Definition
less PRO breakdown
more PRO synthesis |
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Term
| Benefits of fat intake on PRO synth |
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Definition
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Term
| Tipton PRO intake vs. PRO synth study |
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Definition
| 6g of AA and 35g CHO no diff pre or post workout same PRO synth |
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Term
| What does casein digest slower than whey? |
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Definition
| clots--> harder to breakdown |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Water Intake vs. H20 loss |
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Term
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Definition
| chief mechanisim for preventing hypothermia |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What causes heat production during exercise? |
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Definition
| increased muscular activiy |
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Term
| L of oxygen and h20 to kcal conversion |
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Definition
1 Liter of 02 = 4 kcals
1 L H20 = 573 kcal of heat |
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Term
| where is most body heat transfered to? |
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Definition
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Term
| Increase of temp. in body in sensed by |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Normal body temp at exercise |
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Definition
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Term
| heat stroke warning body temp |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
large role in sweat evaporation
high humidity = low sweat evaporation |
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Term
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Definition
not all sweat evaporates
depends on humidity |
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Term
| HR Plasma Volume and sweating |
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Definition
| more sweat decreases plasma volume which increases HR to maintain bloodflow |
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Term
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Definition
| Transfer of energy from emmision to absorption |
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Term
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Definition
| Exchange between solid vs. liquid/gas |
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Term
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Definition
| exchange between solid vs. liquid/gas |
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Term
| What aids in thermoregulation? |
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Definition
acclimitiazation
temp regulation
exercise training level |
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Term
| exercise training vs. thermoregulation |
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Definition
exercise adjusts thermoregulation
at <70% Vo2 max |
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Term
| Thermoregulation adaptations |
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Definition
Lower resting core temp
lower sweating threshold
hypertrophy of sweat glands |
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Term
|
Definition
Reduced Cardiac Output
lower plasma volume |
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Term
|
Definition
increases blood volume
Reduces cardiac strain |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| fliuid should be HYPOTONIC to plasma |
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Term
|
Definition
increase h2o absorption
aid in sweat |
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Term
| Fluid ingestion during exercise |
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Definition
maintains plasma volume
exercise over 1 hour |
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Term
| h2o intake recommendation |
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Definition
500 mL before
500 mL in first 15 mins
120-180 mL every 15 mins if hot |
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Term
|
Definition
| consume 150% after workout |
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