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Sports Medicine
Barton Lecture
18
Physiology
Professional
02/11/2011

Additional Physiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

 

Grading Ligament Injuries 

Definition

I   -  intrasubstance tear; stable
II  -  partial thickness tear; slight laxity
III -  complete tear; unstable, weak
“Is there an endpoint?”

Term

 

 

 

On Field Head Exam

Definition

Orientation to time and place
Presence of post-traumatic amnesia
Ability to follow complex commands
Changes in appearance (“dazed”)
Abnormal speech / communication
Gait or balance difficulties
Paresthesias / weakness

Term

 

 

 

Grade 1 Closed Head Injury

Definition

Grade 1 - minor CHI
»  No LOC
»  No post-traumatic amnesia
»  Sx’s (h/a, confusion) < 5-10 minutes
Rx: Observe 20 minutes; if asymptomatic,

    may return to play 

Term

 

 

 

Grade 2 Closed Head Injury

Definition

Grade 2 - mild concussion
»  No LOC
»  PTA < 20 minutes
»  Sx’s persist

Rx:  Remove from competition; return after              asymptomatic for 1 week.  If 2nd, wait 2           weeks. If 3rd, out for season. 

Term

 

 

 

Grade 3 Closed Head Injury

Definition

Grade 3 - moderate concussion
»  LOC < 5 minutes
»  PTA < 12 hours
»  Sx’s of post-concussive syndrome

Rx:  Remove from play; CT or MRI;            neurosurgical evaluation; return to play 2           weeks after normal MRI; 2nd out for season

Term

 

 

 

Grade 4 Closed Head Injury

Definition

Grade 4 - severe concussion or brain injury
»  LOC > 5 minutes
»  PTA > 12 hours

Rx:  Treat presumed spine injury until proven  otherwise; CT or MRI; neurosurgical  evaluation; close observation

Term

 

 

 

Burners

Definition

Upper cervical root neurapraxia
C5, C6
“My arm went dead”
Lateral neck flexion, extremity distraction
Return to play when asymptomatic
Rule out cervical disc / stenosis
Prevention  -  neck roll in football 

Term




Impingement / Tendinitis

Definition

Cuff tears rare in young athletes
Repetitive overhead activity
Throwers, tennis, swimmers
Injection
Cuff strengthening
Role of arthroscopy

Term

 

 

 

"SLAP" Lesion

Definition

Superior Labrum, Anterior to Posterior
Eccentric contraction of biceps
Deceleration phase of throwing
Fall on outstretched arm
Anterior shoulder pain
O’Brien’s sign, Speed’s test
Role of arthroscopy 

Term

 

 

 

Tennis Elbow

Definition

Lateral Epicondylitis:
“Tennis Elbow” 
Tendinosis, not tendinitis
Chronic degeneration from overuse
ECRB
NSAID’s, forearm strap, ice
Injections
Recalcitrant cases  -  surgical debridement

Term

 

 

 

"Little League Elbow"

Definition

Medial epicondylitis  +/-  avulsion
Capitellar OCD
Valgus overload from repetitive microtrauma
Limit throwing / cross-train
Avoid extensive chondral injury

Term

 

 

 

Pelvis Hip

Definition

FEMORAL NECK STRESS FRACTURE- RUNNERS

Term

 

 

 

Swollen Knee

Definition

Something’s wrong!!!
ACL
Meniscus
Chondral fracture
Not a “sprain”

Term

 

 

Tibial Periostitis:
“Shin Splints”

Definition

DDx:  stress fracture, compartment syndrome
Bone scan, tomogram, MRI
Ice  -  20 minutes before/after stretching
Stretching  -  gastroc / soleus, anterior tibialis
Strengthening  -  anterior tibialis, peroneal
Return to sport as tolerated
Soft orthotics, arch support, compression

Term

 

 

 

Ankle Sprain

Definition

Remember  -  ankle is a ring
Deltoid ligament
LCL  -  ATFL, CFL
Syndesmosis  -  beware
X-ray:  3 views
If tender medially but not laterally...check knee!

Term

 

 

 

Ankle Sprain Treatment

Definition

Continual intermittent ice / compression
Elevate;  crutches prn
ROM
Strengthening at 4 days (peroneals)
Proprioception  -  balance board, treadmill
Agility
Cast vs. air-stirrup

Term




Plantar Fasciitis

Definition




Overuse
“Heel pain”
Tender along medial border of fascia
Heel cups
Stretching
Cast / boot
? Injections

Term

 

 

 

Female Triad

Definition

Amenorrhea
Disordered Eating / Anorexia
Osteoporosis

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