Term
Primary Survey: Football player face down on the field.
What do you check FIRST? |
|
Definition
Airway
Breathing
Circulation |
|
|
Term
| Secondary Survey: require what 4 parts? |
|
Definition
History
Observation
Physical Exam
Special Tests |
|
|
Term
| What 4 parts pertain to physical exam? |
|
Definition
Palpation
Movement procedures
Neurological Exam
Circulation |
|
|
Term
| What do you listen for during the History step? |
|
Definition
-primary complaint
-mechanism of injury
-symptoms (acute or chronic) |
|
|
Term
| What do you look for during the Observation step? |
|
Definition
-body symmetry
-motor functions
-obvious deformities
-swelling |
|
|
Term
Physical Exam: Palpation
You are looking for what? |
|
Definition
-fractures
-swelling
-skin temp and moisture
-tenderness
-crepitation |
|
|
Term
Physical Exam: Movement
You are looking for what? |
|
Definition
active, resistive, or passive stress testing
functional movements |
|
|
Term
Physical Exam: Neurological exam
You are looking for what? |
|
Definition
sensory functions
motor functions (enervate certain muscles)
reflexes |
|
|
Term
Physical Exam: Circulation
You are looking for? |
|
Definition
Pulse
sufficent circulation in extremities |
|
|
Term
| What do you evaluate of your findings? |
|
Definition
-is a medical referral necessary?
-what tools to use: stem, ice, heat
-when can athlete return to play? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Infection is something that can be a secondary result from the injury |
|
|
Term
| What kind of body build does 'endomorphic' imply? |
|
Definition
roundness, softness
the fat guy |
|
|
Term
| what is the most practical way to measure body composition? |
|
Definition
skin fold measurement
within 3% accuracy
(other methods include MRI, CT scan, bod pod) |
|
|
Term
| If youre looking at the body by the coronal (frontal) plane, what do you see? |
|
Definition
side to side cutting the body into anterior and posterior sections
you see either the back or front of body |
|
|
Term
| you are looking at the body in the sagittal plane, what do you see? |
|
Definition
| you see either the right or left half of the body (front to back divides body into halves) |
|
|
Term
| Abdominopelvic Quadrants separate the body into.... |
|
Definition
4 quadrants
umbilicus used as reference point |
|
|
Term
| Name 3 purposes of the primary survey |
|
Definition
Identify life threatening situations
determine unresponsiveness
dictate what action is needed to care for athlete |
|
|
Term
| What causes an obstructed airway? |
|
Definition
-tongue
-fluid (blood, vomit)
-object (gum, mouthpiece)
-swelling (allergic rxn, trauma) |
|
|
Term
| If someone is able to partially cough, what do they have and what should you do? |
|
Definition
They have a partial airway obstruction and they will grasp their throat and try to cough.
DONT INTERFERE |
|
|
Term
| A total airway obstruction calls for what signs? |
|
Definition
-unable to speak (no air passing through vocal cords)
-OPEN airway immediately
-tilt neck, chin lift |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| temporary cessation of breathing,prob because of obstructed airway or an allergic rxn |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
difficulty of labored breathing
overbreathing results in abnormal lowering of carbon dioxide levels
usually result of psychological response to pain.
calm athlete, make them breathe in a paper bag |
|
|
Term
| what kind of decisions are made in a primary survey? |
|
Definition
-seriousness of injury
-first aid/immobilization
-referral to physician
-mode of transportation |
|
|
Term
| If athlete is stuporous, what are they capable of? |
|
Definition
| nearly unconscious, can be awake for only short periods of time by a stimuli |
|
|
Term
| Secondary Survey: what questions do you ak? |
|
Definition
-who witnessed accident
-what stage of consciousness
-how long have they been down |
|
|
Term
| What are you looking for when you look into an athlete's pupils? |
|
Definition
-size
-equality
-unequal side could indicate an expanding lesion in the skull (ipsilateral to brain) |
|
|
Term
| What do rubor, palor, and cyanosis refer to? |
|
Definition
Skin color:
rubor=red skin
palor=pale skin
cyanosis=bluish coloration |
|
|
Term
| What are some signs of trauma to look for? |
|
Definition
-discharge from ears/nose:
cerebrospinal fluid of blood
-discoloration
ecchymosis-adequacy of blood flow |
|
|
Term
| During palpation, youre looking for a pulse. What do you need to listen for? |
|
Definition
50-80 beats per minute
slow, bounding pulse=intracranial lesion
rapid, weak pulse=stroke, shock
rapid, strong pulse=heat illness |
|
|
Term
| What problem will a rapid reduction in blood pressure indicate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Someone walks in with cool clammy skin. What can be inferred |
|
Definition
| They are suffering from shock |
|
|
Term
| Youve noticed an increased pulse but rapid drop in blood pressure in an athlete. What is the cause? |
|
Definition
| Hemmorhage, a loss of 2-3 pints of blood can be fatal |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between arterial and venous bleeding? |
|
Definition
Arterial bleeding is oxygenated blood, spurting action
Venous bleeding is oxygen depleted and has a heavy, steady flow |
|
|
Term
| What problem does hemophiliacs face? |
|
Definition
they canot clot their blood, leading to an excessive blood loss
(NEED TO INCREASE BLOOD PRESSURE) |
|
|
Term
| What is shock. what symptoms are present and how can it be handled |
|
Definition
shock: inability to supply oxygenated blood to the vital organs (tied with fractures, spinal injuries)
symptoms include weak, rapid pulse, cool clammy skin, thirst, and dilated pupils. To manage, open the airway, control bleeding and elevate lower extremities |
|
|
Term
| Describe symptoms and management of fractures |
|
Definition
Symptoms: swelling, bruising, point tenderness and crepitus
Management: Splint and check circulation and neurological function |
|
|
Term
| When finding history of athlete, what do you need to look for? |
|
Definition
-simple questions
(speak directly)
-find mechanism of injury
-primary complaint |
|
|
Term
| what are some potential causes of chronic pain? |
|
Definition
-errors in training
-equipment
-playing surface
-poor conditioning or flexibility |
|
|
Term
| someone that is experiencing hypoesthesia has what problem |
|
Definition
their tactile sensations are reduced
(hyperesthesia means their sensations are increased) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| area of skin supplied by a single nerve root |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-fractures
-thickening of synovial membranes
-irritation of bursa/tendon |
|
|
Term
| what are the four types of special tests? |
|
Definition
-active
-passive
-functional
-resistive |
|
|
Term
| what does active testing evaluate? |
|
Definition
-tendon
-muscle
-control of nervous system
CONTRACTILE TISSUE |
|
|
Term
| what does passive testing evaluate? |
|
Definition
NON CONTRACTILE TISSUE
-bone
-joint capsule
-ligaments |
|
|
Term
| if you feel an abnormal, hard end feel sensation (and you KNOW its not bone to bone) what can you conclude? |
|
Definition
-chondromalacia
-loose bodies
-myositis |
|
|
Term
| when examining an injury, what is the MOST IMPORTANT thing to do when observing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| spinal cord or nerve root injuries |
|
|
Term
| what is the purpose of functional testing? |
|
Definition
| to see parameters to return to competition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-subjective
-objective
-assessment
-plan |
|
|
Term
| Subjective notes dictate what? |
|
Definition
| History of injury, primary complaint, mechanism of injury, family history, mental condition or state |
|
|
Term
| what do objective notes tell? |
|
Definition
-ecchymosis
-atrophy
-strength
-motor/sensory function |
|
|
Term
| What do you get in an assessment? |
|
Definition
analysis, NOT a diagnosis just a suspectd injury site and damaged structures.
can inlude short/long term goals |
|
|
Term
| what info does the plan include? |
|
Definition
modalities, exercise, consultations,
functional activites |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Second toe is longer than the first. Probably a callus formation over the head of 2nd metatarsal
*stress fracture of 2nd metatarsal is possible |
|
|
Term
| What bones make up the midfoot? |
|
Definition
navicular (prone to stress factures)
cuboid
3 cuneiforms |
|
|
Term
| what bones make up the ankle joint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What will treat a heel bruise? |
|
Definition
-no weight bearing
-modalities
-heel cup
(symptoms include severe lateral pain and inflammation of periosteum) |
|
|
Term
| What is turf toe? (hallux sprain) |
|
Definition
hyperextension of MTP joint
joint capsule may be torn from meta. head
symptoms include pain, tenderness, and planter swelling. |
|
|
Term
| What is the jones fracture and what other possibilities are there with a similar type injury |
|
Definition
5th meta. fracture.
this COULD develop into an avulsion fracture if there is an insertion of peroneal tendon.
consider this with a lateral ankle sprain |
|
|
Term
| Talk about the achilles tendon rupture: |
|
Definition
-most severe acute muscular problem
-push off forefoot while knee is extended
-you will see swelling around tendon, ankle
-poor balance
-do a Thompson test |
|
|
Term
| what is the screw home mechanism? |
|
Definition
the medial condyle of the tibia meets the medial condyle of the femur by external rotation.
to flex your knee, the extended knee must essentially be unscrewed, but internally rotating requires the popliteus muscle |
|
|
Term
| name the 4 muscles of the extensor (quadricep) |
|
Definition
-rectus femoris
-vastus medialis
-vasuts lateralis
-vasuts intermedius |
|
|
Term
| the muscle of the flexor (hamstring) is? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what two tests are performed to test the ACL? |
|
Definition
Lachman's test (pulls tibia forward)
Anterior drawer (knee is flexed)-->only done during chronic phase |
|
|
Term
| what should you worry about in a knee dislocation? |
|
Definition
| disruption of both ACL and PCL. be concerned for blood flow, check for a distal pulse and bleeding in leg-->compartment syndrome |
|
|
