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Sports and Society Exam 2
Sports and Society Exam 2
65
Sociology
Undergraduate 4
10/26/2014

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Term
Violence
Definition
The use of excessive physical force, which
causes or has obvious potential to cause
harm or destruction.

- Violence has decreased in sports over time.

- Over Conformity may signal fascism
- Rejection of norms represent anarchy
Term
Aggression
Definition
Verbal or physical actions grounded
in an intent to dominate, control, or
do harm to another person
Term
Intimidation
Definition
Words, gestures, and actions that threaten violence or aggression.
Term
Brutal Body Contact
Definition
Violence that occurs in the rules of a sport.
Term
Borderline Violence
Definition
Violence inside that game that isn't part of the rules and is not called by refs.
Term
Quasi-Criminal/Criminal Violence
Definition
Criminal violence that is looked down upon by fans and players alike.
Term
Venue Violence
Definition
Violence that happens at venues. Fans use it as an excuse to express their masculinity and generate excitement.

- Usually Men
- Rivalries
- In American it is unplanned and done by small groups.
Term
Emotional contagion
Definition
The rapid acquisition of norms that people follow simultaneously and with out question. Can lead to disasters during riots or sporting events.
Term
Celebratory Riots
Definition
These were often defined as over exuberant fans expressing team loyalty—until someone had to pay for the destruction they caused.
Term
Frustration Riots
Definition
These are rare; they usually occur in response to a perceived injustice that determines the outcome in the final minutes of a game; violence between players often is a precipitating incident
Term
Terrorism
Definition
A special form of violence designed to intimidate a target population of people for the purpose of achieving political or social goals.
Term
Gender Ideology
Definition
Interrelated ideas and beliefs widely used to define masculinity and femininity, identify people as male or female, evaluate forms of sexual expression, and organize social relationships.

- A tool for maintaining the status quo
- Lets males feel they are the center of everything and dominate
- Marginalizes people who don't fit into the categories.
Term
Orthodox Gender Ideology
Definition
Ideas and beliefs associated with the traditional two-sex approach.
Term
Babe Didrikson
Definition
First all around athlete.
Term
Male-dominated
Definition
Ability and performance qualifications are associated with masculinity
Term
Male-identified
Definition
Sports are a “man’ world” that emphasizes values associated with men and manhood
Term
Male-centered
Definition
Men and men’s lives are the expected focus of attention in stories, legends, and media coverage related to sports
Term
Homophobia
Definition
Dislike or prejudice against gay people.
Term
Diane Crump
Definition
First Female Jockey
Term
Janet Guthire
Definition
First female auto racer
Term
Nadine Wilson
Definition
Coach of maderia high school, pushed for equality in girls sports.
Term
Julie Krone
Definition
First female triple crown winner.
Term
Genuine Risk
Definition
Won Kentucky derby as a filly.
Term
Ruffian
Definition
Undefeated super filly of the 1970's.
Term
Glenn Burke
Definition
First athlete on a major sports team to come out as gay to his teammates and owners.
- Originator of the high five.
Term
Ann Myers
Definition
First female to sign with a NBA team.
Term
Renee Richards
Definition
Transgender tennis player.
Term
Martina Navratilova
Definition
Female tennis player who came "out" during her playing career.
Term
Arthur Ashe
Definition
Tennis player with HIV, has an award named after him representing courage.
Term
Greg Louganis
Definition
Gay diver who became an HIV/AIDS activist.
Term
Dave Pallone
Definition
Gay Umpire
Term
Jason Collins
Definition
First publicly gay athlete to come out while he way playing.

- Chose number as a tribute to Matthew shepherd.
Term
Michael Sam
Definition
Publicly gay NFL player.
Term
Brittney Griner
Definition
Gay WNBA Player
Term
Becky Hammon
Definition
First female assistant coach.
Term
Title IX
Definition
No person shall be excluded from participation in, be denied benefits of or be subject to discrimination under any educational program receiving federal assistance.
Term
Jesse Owens
Definition
Black track and field star credited with destroying Hitler's myth of Aryan supremacy.
Term
Earl Loyd
Definition
First African American player in the NBA.
Term
U. San Francisco Dons
Definition
Undefeated team with 3 back players.
Term
Pete Rozelee
Definition
Don's publicist who went on to become the commissioner of the NFL.
Term
Texas Western University
Definition
First all black lineup to win the NCAA championship.
Term
Happy Chandler
Definition
MLB commissioner who allowed Jackie Robinson to play in the MLB.
Term
Tommie Smith/John Carlos
Definition
Track stats who used their victory in the Olympics to fight civil rights.
Term
Curt FLood
Definition
Challenged baseball's reserve clause and paved the way for free agency.
Term
Race
Definition
A population of people who are believed to be naturally or biologically distinct from other populations.
Term
Ethnic Population
Definition
A category of people regarded as socially distinct because they share a way of life, a collective history, and a sense of themselves as a people.
Term
Ethnic Minority
Definition
A socially identified population that suffers disadvantages due to systematic discrimination and has a strong sense of social togetherness based on shared experiences of past and current discrimination.
Term
Racial Ideologies
Definition
Interrelated ideas and beliefs that are widely used to classify human beings in categories assumed to be biological and related to attributes such as intelligence, temperament, and physical abilities
Term
Direct Racism
Definition
Fans insulting players with slurs.
Term
Indirect Racism
Definition
Chants or banners promoting racist agendas
Term
Racism on the Field
Definition
Negative comments made by and to athletes, coaches or referees.
Term
Social Class
Definition
Categories of People who share an economic position in society based on a combination of their income, wealth, education, occupation and social connections.
Term
Social stratification
Definition
Structured forms of economic inequalities that are part of the organization of everyday life.
Term
Life Chances
Definition
Similar odds for achieving economic success and power in society. Vary from one social class to another in the social stratification system.
Term
Class Relations
Definition
The ways that social class is incorporated into the organization of our everyday lives.
Term
Class Ideology
Definition
Interrelated ideas and beliefs that people use to understand economic inequalities, identify their class position and evaluate the impact of economic inequalities on their world.
Term
"The American Dream"
Definition
A hopeful vision of boundless opportunities for individuals to succeed economically and live a happy live based on consumption
Term
Meritocracy
Definition
A form of social organization in which rewards go to people who earn them due to their abilities and qualifications
Term
Ableist Ideology
Definition
Interrelated ideas and beliefs that are widely used to identify people as physically or intellectually disabled, to justify treating them as inferior, and to organize social worlds and physical spaces without taking them into account.
Term
Ageism
Definition
An evaluation metric that favors younger people and justifies discrimination against particular age groups (usually older).
Term
Ableism
Definition
An evaluation metric in which the label of disability is a mark of inferiority.
Term
Impairment
Definition
something that potentially limits a person full participation in social and/or physical environments.
Term
Disability
Definition
When something physically limits your participation in society.
Term
Paralympics
Definition
Olympic games for people with physical disabilities.
Term
Special Olympics
Definition
Games for people who are mentally disabled.
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