Term
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Definition
| What the Soviets mixed to form sport propaganda. The socialist system of government is best and related to sport. Also includes government and military. |
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Term
| The Soviet System: Elementary Level |
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Definition
| Physical and motoric testing in schools and took top 0.5% where they attended the Istitutes for Sport and Phsyical culture (unique opportunity with involvement w/ government, arm, sport) |
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Term
| 3 important aspects of SU involvement |
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Definition
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Term
| The Soviet System: development of broad motor base and 2 important skills |
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Definition
| Age 3-4; broad skills and exposure to every olympic discipline with 2 important skills of spots being gymnastics and martial arts |
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Term
| Purpose of 2 main skills during broad motor base |
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Definition
| extreme motor control and agility, body awareness, self-discipline |
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Term
| The Soviet System: Initial selection to sport |
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Definition
| age 8-9; anthropometic measures sport selection based on body type....then develop or reassign |
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Term
| The Soviet System: Education |
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Definition
| 3 academic and 4 training periods; 3 languages, tutors |
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Term
| Important aspects for training for phsycial measures |
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Definition
| Physical, technical, tactical training---acquisition of motor skills---science in daily training---psychological training |
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Term
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Definition
| thinking? dealing with the fact that there is more pressure at olympic trials than at olympics themselves |
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Term
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Definition
| work and stay with teams; usually don't like to change because don't want to change way of training, etc. |
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Term
| specificity in training (hats) |
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Definition
| soviet coach only wore coach hat; coach K's story |
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Term
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Definition
1. education: stay at training center for master/doctor then 2nd olympics 2. military: won't be front line, use functional skills to move up |
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Term
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Definition
| 80s Soviet Hockey Team because many were in army (this is the team the US college students beat) this team was ranked #1. |
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Term
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Definition
| age 28-38 with multiple Olympic wins --> coach/assistant coach |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Soviet Influence in Eastern Block countries |
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Definition
PBREH Poland Bulgaria Romania East Germany Hungary |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Weight lifting, Greco Roman Wrestling |
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Term
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Definition
| Gymnastics (Nadia), Free Style Wrestling, Handball |
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Term
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Definition
| "Crown jewel" of Soviet Union because had so many different sports |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Non-European Influence by the SU |
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Definition
Cuba in the 60s because SU didn't want US or any democratic nation to win
worked well until nations wanted change (East Germany wanted to rejoin with the west and Czechslovakia wanted to separate) |
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Term
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Definition
1960s; baseball, soccer, boxing, track and field
anti-US |
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Term
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Definition
| Sport Psych of North America comes to USSR |
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Term
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Definition
| USSR breaks up, economy worsens, infrastructure collapses, |
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Term
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Definition
| Want to leave USSR, take athletes with them. Are no longer interested in sport but just want to re-build nations so athletes become just average workers, ee's, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
Commonwealth of Independent States (15) as a revolution against USSR - slow rebuilding for countries - begin to see comeback in Olympics (Russia, Belarus, Lithuania, Ukraine) close to # of US medals won in 2004 Olympics |
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Term
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Definition
- France - Baron DeCourbertin - 1913 - Essays in Sport Psychology - also founder of modern Olympics |
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Term
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Definition
- one of 1st doctoral dissertations in 1928: psychological aspects of sport - Charles' Unv: SP dept 12 faculty - ice hockey, fencing, handball - Soviet support for athletics |
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Term
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Definition
- 1950s: lab for SP at Research Institute for Physiological Cultulre in Leipzig (DRUG ENHANCEMENT) - MASKING PROGRAM |
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Term
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Definition
From ______ fled because knew too much about drugs and research and government held family hostage when couldn't find Yuri |
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Term
| 1960s: SP in Italy, Switzerland, Norway, Sweeden |
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Definition
winter sports, biathlon, cross-country skiing, downhill skiing, ski jumping - Eric & Beth Highden |
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Term
| 1980s: SP in Australia & Japan |
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Definition
| apply information using system similar to Soviets |
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Term
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Definition
- research - establish Academic Discipline - NASPSPA, AAHPERD - Doctoral programs, etc. exchange info. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation & Dance |
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Term
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Definition
| NASPSPA meets independently (w/o AAHPERD) |
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Term
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Definition
- LA - Soivets boycott - US spends $ to find out whats wrong with our teams |
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Term
| Why is US not doing well in Olympics? |
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Definition
- USOC: unorganized - training facilities :( - lagging in Sport Sci :( - outdated training model :( - training center in Colorado Springs :( - poor program, bored athletes :( |
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Term
| US is now doing well b/c? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| former NC Central; brings handball center to triangle and looking for job to provide to these athletes (which should be easy b/c its the triangle) |
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Term
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Definition
| sport sciences and psychologists, exercise physiologists, biomechanics, nutrionists, phsyicians |
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Term
| problem with s. psychologists |
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Definition
handful were properly trained...no one was trained in application or how to work with an athlete, etc. inexperienced, unqualified, not enough time (for clinical psychologists because only days until competition to figure out problem and not weeks/months) ETHICS |
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Term
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Definition
| coach of Redskins on Night Line talked about sport psychologist (who wasn’t even a sport psychologist) everyone hated |
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Term
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Definition
| *Guy worked with Chargers and published articles using the athlete’s names and what was wrong with them and how he tried to fix it; he wasn’t sport psychologist |
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Term
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Definition
| stopped working for Patriots and next year they won Super Bowl |
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Term
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Definition
| (coach of Giants) disputed with owner who used a family friend as sport psychologist, whom no one liked but owners wouldn’t fire him |
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Term
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Definition
| Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology |
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Term
| AAASP's long road to development |
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Definition
want to educate public petitition NASPSPA 4 times because say yes *1st to regulate standards for training and experience *largest SP org in world *1st to have ecertification |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| International Society of Sport Psychology 1965 |
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Term
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Definition
1967 dominate in world North American Society for Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity. |
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Term
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Definition
1985 Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology 18 years after development of NASPSPA |
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Term
| Many people belong to ________ and _______ |
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Definition
| AAASP and APA Division 47 |
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Term
|
Definition
| International Journal of Sport Psychology |
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Term
|
Definition
Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology official journal of NASPSPA |
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Term
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Definition
Journal of Applied Sport Psychology official journal of AAASP organization selected editor, editorial board, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| JSEP (NASPSPA) tried to take over JASP (AAASP) because didn't want competition but was unable to take control so developed another journal |
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Term
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Definition
The Sport Psychologist formed by NASPSPA to put JASP out of business |
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Term
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Definition
Journal of Sport Behavior unattached to any organization |
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Term
| So can anyone make a journal now? |
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Definition
| No because there is a new review process that referees journals for publication |
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Term
Largest sport psychology organization in the world? How many countries are represented? What two topics are addressed? |
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Definition
AAASP 26 countries Science & practice |
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Term
| _____ came to _____ to adopt certification |
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Definition
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Term
| Who controls registration? Certification? Licensure? |
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Definition
| organization, organization, state |
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Term
| _________ and _______ were on the AAASP committees that allowed people to be grandfathered. |
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Definition
| Shane Murphy and Sean McCan |
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Term
| What is the grandfather clause dealing with the AAASP and NGB? How is funding affected? |
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Definition
| There is a period of time to work with the NGB and be kept even without certification or criteria met.There is a 3 YEAR window that after that must become certified.Funding will be cut if not certified after period. |
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Term
| Are trainers certified in MLB? NHL? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is title? What is certification? |
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Definition
| Title is controlled by licensure (and we don't have licensure in US or Canada) We have certification though. Certification is ??????? |
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Term
Father of North American Sport Psychology
**WILL BE ON TEST |
|
Definition
First documented work of any magnitude relating to psychology of sport
The Psychology of Coaching (1926) Psychology and Athletics (1928)
Phillip Wrigley hires Griffith to be Chicago Cubs sport psychologist |
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Term
| In the debate over title: if someone wants to be a sport psychologist he should get a _____ in ______ (_____ over ______) and a ______ _____ in ________ _____. |
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Definition
license in psychology (counseling over clinical) specialization certification in sport psychology |
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Term
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Definition
| only research vs. science and practice??? ask silva |
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Term
| AAASP's debate over graduate program accreditation |
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Definition
1990s members/leaders of NASPSPA join AAASP decide to accredit SCIENCE practice programs (therefore research-only programs drop down, these are the NASPSPA programs) |
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Term
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Definition
| Used for kicking and punting and was heated to soften up for better kick |
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Term
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Definition
| biology provides potentiality (probability)--won't always be used in productive way |
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Term
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Definition
OPPORTUNITY to cultivate ability; environmental situation will impact person/talent example: Rebound story of Goat and MZ twins |
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Term
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Definition
| Combination of various genetic and social environmental factors that influence behavior in such a way that assumption about the nature of a person is made from observation of beh. over time and across situations. |
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Term
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Definition
| what you say vs. what you do |
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Term
| Impression Management (aspect of personality) |
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Definition
| manage impressions they want you to form and what you want someone to believe |
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Term
| What is the first goal of Science?********* |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
generalized expectancies relatively enduring not easily changed exhibited over time across situations ***predispose us to states |
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Term
| _______ predisposes us to __________ |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
the older you are the most ____ _____ you have and the more difficult it is for personality to change - reason its important to learn good habit at young age |
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Term
| _____ are exhibited over time and depend on the _____ of the _____ |
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Definition
| traits...strength....trait |
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Term
| The _____ the _____ and the _____ it is on the continuum and the less ______ to change |
|
Definition
| stronger...trait...higher.....likely |
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Term
| The ____ the trait quality (the ______ it is) the more ______ to experience the state |
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Definition
| higher.....stronger....likely |
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Term
| ____ is to abstract as _____ is to tangible |
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Definition
|
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Term
| States are __________ in ___________ |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
Frame of Mind Impact by traits powerful transitory concrete |
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Term
| ____ or frame of mind depends on _____________________________ |
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Definition
| states; moment/recent actions |
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Term
| states vs. affect vs. mood |
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Definition
| cognition/frame of mind vs. cognition vs. semantic feeling |
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Term
| Theoretical Basis of Personality |
|
Definition
physiogomy phrenology theory of humors psychoanalytic theory Hullian drive theory |
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Term
|
Definition
early theory of personality - face shape and animal it resembles determines personality or characteristics |
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Term
|
Definition
early theory of personality -palpate head to look for bumps and predict nature of personality and behavior map of brain |
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Term
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Definition
- Personality - lasted 200 years - elements of universe (air, fire, earth, water) are balance in body (homeostatic) and when emotion shows is when there is an imbalance in blood |
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Term
| Theory of humors way to fix state |
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Definition
- blood letting (remove bile) -leeching (suck out bad blood) -skull tapping (George Washington, Old Salem) |
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Term
| Psychoanalytic Theory pre-Freud |
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Definition
Mezmer (German) Sharcov (French) speak people into relaxed state, when relaxed they will lessen defenses (free association) |
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Term
| first person to sit at right angle to client and use note-taking |
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Definition
| Mezmer/Sharcov to reduce inhibition |
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Term
|
Definition
| preconscious; unaware but still have affect on behavior; but sorted out in dreams and usually don't remember |
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Term
| Drive functions can also be at _____ and ____ levels |
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Definition
PRECONSCIOUS: not able to verbalized CONSCIOUS: fully ware of and able to verbalized |
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Term
| Psychoanalytic Theory (Freud) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
unconscious life energy primary process please principle unreasonable, irrational two psychic forces (eros, thantos) fantasy |
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Term
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Definition
ID uses fantasy and imagery to acquire instant gratification |
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Term
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Definition
| seek pleasure and avoid pain, selfish |
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Term
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Definition
ID life force, constructive and good |
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Term
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Definition
ID death force, destructive control and dominance negative force |
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Term
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Definition
reality principle reason, intelligence secondary process reconcile rational |
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Term
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Definition
EGO attempts to ensure survival not right or wrong |
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Term
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Definition
irrational moral conscience ego idea |
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Term
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Definition
internalization of enculturation effects and conforming influence what authority taught/told you how to behave in culture **sport is major enculturator |
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Term
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Definition
moral guide of how you ideally see yourself develops b/t 8-12, fully developed by 16 peers CONFLICT b/t moral conscience and ego idea |
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Term
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Definition
EGO isolate ego from reality by distorting reality/ blaming other factors used by everyone frequent use = instabile to inable to deal effectively |
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Term
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Definition
our interpretation vs. what really happened
in discussing defense mechanisms |
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Term
| common defense mechanism list |
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Definition
rationalization projection repression regression displacement |
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Term
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Definition
mother all mech. any reason other than real one to explain shortcoming or misgiving |
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Term
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Definition
blame short coming on otro person; type of rationalization |
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Term
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Definition
push back into consciousnes so you forget
bill buckner?!?! |
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Term
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Definition
| resort back to infantile or childlike behavior b/c dont want to be responsible to expectations |
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Term
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Definition
potential for most harm cant deal with primary target (reality) so take it out on safe/secondary target (spouse, child, animal) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
habits formed through paired associations - do it a certain way and it works out - habits activated by cues - strength of H determined by amount of reinforced practice (drill work) |
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Term
| practice makes ___________ |
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Definition
| PERMANENET not necessarily perfect |
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Term
| Habits are formed in _____ thus making it ___ to ___ |
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Definition
| stages...difficult ....change |
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Term
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Definition
aroused condition that activates behavior - homeostatic: hunger, thirst, pain avoidance - learned: fear, love, affiliation, prestige |
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Term
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Definition
| drive or habit strength b/c multiplicative function |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| two most commonly misused words in sport |
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Term
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Definition
response that's exhibited by ALL members of the species and serves some type of PERSERVATIVE function
ex: startle response, eyeblink |
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Term
| 3 stages of habit strength |
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Definition
1. cognitive stage of learning 2. associative stage 3. autonomous stage |
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Term
| cognitive stage of learning |
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Definition
stage 1 of habit strength - no habitual base or series of incorrect responses - non-dominant - talk yourself through skill - repetition to develop skills - SLOW - everyone STARTS here - Hullian Drive Theory - Habit Strength: many responses compete to become dominant |
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Term
|
Definition
stage 2 of habit strength - may/not elicit desired response - depends on sport - ex of various batting styles - associate action or manner w/ positive/negative response - 0 tolerance for variablitiy in ice skating, diving, gymnastics (because judged sports) - dominance begins to form separation good and bad habits |
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Term
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Definition
- not instinct - skill is well conditioned to perform at high level - skill is now automatic (speed of light) - thousands of hours of drills/training to know proper response "Excellent is not an act but a habit" Aristotle |
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Term
|
Definition
| relationship between habit strength and rive |
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Term
| As drive __________ it is the ______________ of the dominant response (___________) |
|
Definition
| increases......elicitation....habit |
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Term
| If habit (________ response) is correct then you can _________ response but if incorrect, under the condition of ________, you can _________ response |
|
Definition
| dominant....handle.......pressure....not handle |
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Term
| What response SHOULD be dominant |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Drive ____ interfere with performance means that is the __________ person |
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Definition
| that doesn't........go to |
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Term
| If drive _________ interfere with performance then that is the _________ person |
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Definition
| does...........not go to because its possible to have too much drive |
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Term
| 2 major Social Learning Theories |
|
Definition
Julian Rotter (situational and generalized expectancies) Albert Bandura (No Trial Learning) |
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Term
| Father of social learning theory |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Rotters STL exploded _____ and ______ of research |
|
Definition
| psychological and controls |
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Term
| Bandura's Vicarious learning or aka |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
- human behaviors are LEARNED in SOCIAL situations - people are NOT driven by INNER forces or MOLDED helplessly by the environment |
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Term
|
Definition
- 3 regulatory systems' stimulus anticipation and control response feedback influences (and Thorndike's Law of Effect) cognitive processes |
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Term
| Stimulus anticipation and control in SLT |
|
Definition
1st regulatory system figure out stuff before it happens...can't just react b/c you'll be too late |
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Term
Response Feedback Influences in SLT
aka: _____ law of ________ |
|
Definition
2nd regulatory system in SLT
feedback influence behavior
Thorndike's ______ of Effect |
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Term
|
Definition
Thorndike; used in response feedback in SLT
positive,negative reinforcement and punishment |
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Term
|
Definition
law of effect
ANY stimulus that INCREASES PROBABILITY of reproducing behavior |
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Term
|
Definition
law of effect in response feedback of SLT
INCREASES likelihood of DESIRED behavior 1st - exhibit behavior you dont like 2nd - put punishment in place that STAYS until behavior changes |
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Term
| example of negative reinforcement |
|
Definition
| gpa requirements in sports...if dip below then cant play until next semester |
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Term
|
Definition
slt ANY stimulus that DECREASES the POSSIBILITY of you repeating a behvior |
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Term
Cognitive Process
____choice and _______ _____ |
|
Definition
3rd regulatory system in STL (
(Free choice and individual decisions)
mediation and use of brain; for this reason we don't understand why people do certain things |
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Term
|
Definition
| situational and generational expectancies |
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Term
|
Definition
| situational and generational expectancies |
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Term
|
Definition
"foresight" what behavior is appropriate in a given situation
good foul, bad foul at end of game |
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Term
|
Definition
rotters SLT
what you generally expect to happen develop over TIME REFLECT your learning history |
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Term
| Generalized Expectancy Example |
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Definition
| 88% free throw shooter will make all shots at end of game, even under pressure |
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Term
| Reinforcement and Punishment Value |
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Definition
Thorndike's Law of Effect Used by Rotter in SLT key to lose whats most important *not all rewards or punishments are equal* ex: taking document for $5, $10, $15 |
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Term
| Are all rewards and punishments equal? |
|
Definition
*not all rewards or punishments are equal* ex: taking document for $5, $10, $15 |
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|
Term
| Are all rewards and punishments unequal? |
|
Definition
*not all rewards or punishments are equal* ex: taking document for $5, $10, $15 |
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Term
|
Definition
| ACQUISITION of new behavior as a function of OBSERVING behavior of others and the reinforcement of punishment received |
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Term
Is a response required during the acquisition of a behavior in NLT?
Is the observer directly reinforced? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| acquisition vs. performance |
|
Definition
Performance must have ALL 3: attentive (observation) recall proper (remember sequence of movements) ability (recall and exhibit act) |
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Term
| example of Vicarious Learning |
|
Definition
acquistion vs. performace
kids fighting in ice hockey |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Personality theory based on belief that our personality develops through conflict resolution
--3 main stages |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Industry vs. Inferiority 2. Identity vs. Role Confusion 3. Self Respect vs. Guilt and Resentment 4. Courage vs. Anxiety |
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Term
|
Definition
Appreciation of Self
- psychological strengths; inventory of self |
|
|
Term
| Identity vs. Role Confusion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Self Respect vs. Guilt and Resentment |
|
Definition
Appreciation of Self
- lose self respect - strong appreciation of self to help you take "big hit" from coach |
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Term
|
Definition
Appreciation of Self
- play even in adverse situations - how conditions affect players - unconditional acceptance of self |
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Term
|
Definition
2nd stage of Ericson's Personality Theory
- Commitment vs. Alienation - Perseverance vs. Sorrow - Loyalty vs. Deception - Sharing vs. Selfishness |
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Term
|
Definition
| example of Subjugation of Self because he changed his football position multiple times based on what coaches wanted and he still excelled |
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|
Term
| Commitment vs. Alienation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tolerance of self and others |
|
Definition
third stage of ericson's personality theory
- flexibility vs. rigidity - control vs. controlled |
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Term
|
Definition
Tolerance of Self and Others
- Psychologically speaking - tend to focus on differences; flexible of variabilities |
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Term
|
Definition
Tolerance of Self and Others
- tolerant if understand that you can't control everything |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
personality draw/attracts you to particular sport
not true when young because its parents who cause children to go different ways
when older....lifestyle impacts sort (businessman --> golf) |
|
|
Term
| homogeneous vs. heterogeneous |
|
Definition
| personality initially draws you so all personalities are homogeneous but later in life are hetereogenous |
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|
Term
| personalities are modified via sport participation |
|
Definition
at higher level there is more pressure to conform and if you dont you'll be kicked out
exceptions: Denis Rodman and TO |
|
|
Term
| Types of Personality Comparison |
|
Definition
1. athlete vs. nonathlete 2. indididual vs. team sports 3. intra-sport 4. male vs. female 5. competitive level |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| more similarities than differences |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| different positions have different levels of pressure (example-pitcher has hand on every ball and play) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| women are more sensitive so maybe coach has to change halftime approach |
|
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Term
|
Definition
- novice - intermediate - professional - olympic athlete |
|
|
Term
| Personality--Performance Pyramid |
|
Definition
Bottom to Top 6. recreation: entrance 5. scholastic 4. collegiate 3. national 2. olympic 1. elite |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| personality does NOT predict performance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| physiology predicts performance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| psychology/mentality kicks in |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| develop core characteristics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| personality heterogeneity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| adaptive qualitity shows psychological adaptation |
|
|
Term
| 2 trends in people with less adaptive personality |
|
Definition
1. dont enjoy competition 2. dont last long |
|
|
Term
| Psychological Factors that are predictive of elite performance (most important to least important) |
|
Definition
1. precompetitive affect 2. Emotional Control 3. Emotional Stability 4. Self Discipline 5. Low Trait Anxiety 6. High Organizational Ability |
|
|
Term
| Psychological Factors that are predictive of elite performance (from least important to most important) |
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Definition
6. High Organizational Ability 5. Low Trait Anxiety 4. Self Discipline 3. Emotional Stability 2. Emotional control 1. Precompetitive Affect |
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Term
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Definition
| frame of mind right now at THIS moment |
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Term
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| 24 hr or less before competition |
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Term
| positive precompetitive affect |
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Definition
physically and mentally prepare your self
as one gets closer he/she is either 1. ready for competition 2. recedes/pulls away
ICEBERG EFFECT |
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Definition
POMS: Profile of Mood States
-Low tension -low depression -low anger -high vigor -low psychological fatigue -low confusion |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
how you respond to adversity critical response time: how quickly it takes to get back to where you were before |
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Term
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Definition
-emotions post event -respond to success/failure -80s hockey team -emotional roller coaster |
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Term
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Definition
give up immediate reward for something that will be better in future -work habits: go to job every day -work rate: what you do -tough mindedness -self-reliant -can you perform correctly under pressure? |
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Term
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Definition
low --challenge high---threat |
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Term
| high organizational ability |
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Definition
time management and prioritizing finishers |
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