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Definition
| Assessment, Education, Practice, Evaluation and Modification |
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Term
| Education based on what 3 theoretical foundations? |
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Definition
| Psychophysiological, behavioral, and cognitive-behavioral |
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Term
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Definition
| process of evaluating and adapting physchological processes of athlete |
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Definition
| structures (or semi-structured) interviews, objective tests, performance profiling |
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| structure (or semi-structured interviews) |
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Definition
used to gather information about athlete, person, and current objectives
(ex pg 180) |
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Term
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Definition
| PSIS, TOPS, SCAT, TSCI, TAIS |
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Term
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Definition
| Psychological Skills Inventory for Sport---is an objective test used in the assessment phase. It measures 6 cognitive (teachable) abilities. |
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Term
| # of cognitive abilites the PSIS measures for |
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Definition
| 6; anxiety control, concentration, confidence, mental preparation, motivation, team focus |
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Term
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Definition
| Test of Performance Strategies---An objective test used in the assessment phase. It has 64 items that measure FREQUENCY of particular behaviors exhibited by athlete in PRACTICE and COMPETITION. --> to asses 8 strategies used by exceptional athletes. |
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Term
| # of items measured by TOPS and the # of strategies used by exceptional athletes |
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Definition
| 64; 8--> goal setting, imagery, self-talk, relaxation, emotinal control, attentional control, self-confidence, automaticity |
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Term
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Definition
| Sport Competition Anxiety Test is an objective test used in assessment phase. It measures level of competitive anxiety (if anxiety may be a problem). 15-item test. |
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Definition
| Trait Sport Confidence Inventory is an objective test used in the assessment phase. It is a 16-item inventory that measures athletes’ beliefs that they are able to be successful. |
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Definition
| Test of Attentional and Interpersonal Style--objective test used in assessment phase--is used if problem concentrating or focusing based on model that divides attentional focus into 2 dimensions (width & direction) and has 6 scales to measure effective and ineffective attentional styles. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| TAIS--- # of stimuli of which individual is FOCUSING (narrow --> broad) |
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Term
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Definition
| ORIGIN of stimuli (internal --> externaL) |
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Definition
| 3rd form used in assessment phase--- assesses the particular skills an athlete deems important to his sport; idea stems from Personal Construct Theory. |
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Term
| Performance Profiling stems from |
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Definition
| Personal Construct Theory. |
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Term
| Personal Construct Theory: |
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Definition
people continually detect themes (constructs) that help make sense of events in their lives; personal constructs in athletes include physical, technical, tactical, and psychological abilities in sport performance.
3 steps to construct performance profile: |
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Term
| 3 steps to construct performance profile |
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Definition
Explanation of performance profiling to determine characteristics athlete deems important to sport.
Development of list of qualities, characteristics, or skills necessary for elite performance
Athletes rate ability levels on each construct (usually 1-10 scale) and charted to give good representation of strengths and weaknesses; however, perception could be incorrect thus the reason a coach, etc. is needed to be there. |
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Term
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Definition
| learning skills needed to address issues identified in assessment phase |
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Term
| Psychophysiological Foundation |
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Definition
| EDUCATION PHASE; physiological processes of brain and body have significant influence on performance |
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Term
| 3 foundations of education phase |
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Definition
| psycholophysiological foundation, behavioral, cognitive-behavioral |
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Term
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Definition
| EDUCATOIN PHASE;technique in which physiological processes are monitored and information is “fed-back” to individual, who learns to gain some control of physiology. Can be used to ↓ HR, help with respiration, BP, muscle tension, and brain activity. |
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Term
| 2 main techniques of psychophysiologcal foundation |
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Definition
| biofeedback and relaxation |
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Term
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Definition
EDUCATION PHASE;understanding and manipulation of external environment
--reinforcer and punishment |
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Term
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Definition
| BEH. FOUNDATION OF EDUC PHASE: an event that follows behavior that increases the likelihood of that behavior in the future |
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Term
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Definition
| BEH FOUNDATION OF EDU PHASE an event that follows a behavior that decreases the likelihood of that behavior in the future |
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Term
| EXAMPLE OF BEH FOUNDATION |
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Definition
o Example of football coach who implemented a point system.
o Coaches, trainers, family members, other significant people in life, self-reinforcement |
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Term
| Cognitive-Behavioral Foundation: |
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Definition
| EDUCATION PHASE; Interpretation (what athlete thinks or believes) determines behavior and not situation or environment. |
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Definition
EDUCATION PHASE
---Example of hockey player who wanted to retaliate after opposing team took puck from him. Through imagery, self-talk, etc. he learned that not retaliating would help his team. |
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Term
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Definition
| Integration so becomes part of regular training regimen. |
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Term
| Evaluation and Modification Phase |
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Definition
- Is intervention working?
- Evaluation should be ongoing so modifications can be made to increase effectiveness. |
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Term
| How can you decide if intervention is working? |
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Definition
| One could administer objective measure (PSIS, TOPS, or SCAT) if used previously for comparison. |
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Term
| Effectiveness of Sport Psychology Interventions |
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Definition
- EDUCATIONAL, relaxation-based, remedial-cognitive-restructuring-based inventions found to be EFFECTIVE.
- Need for adequate CONROL groups, data on LONG-TERM effectiveness of interventions (follow-up sessions months later) |
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Term
| Can I just seek a consultant and fix problems? |
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Definition
| NO! Must learn psychological skills and APPLY them |
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Term
| What orgs can tell me cert. sport psychologists? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Sport psychology is an INTERDISCIPLINARY field combining aspects of PSYCHOLOGY and SPORT SCIENCE, and professionals offering CONSULTATIVE services to athletes for performance ENHANCEMENT must have a unique BLEND of TRAINING and EXERCISE. |
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Term
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Definition
| MASTERS DEG..PREF. DOCTORATE IN PSYCH OR SPORT SCI |
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Term
| CERTIFIED CONSULTANT STATUS??? |
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Definition
| DEV. BY AAASP IN 1990-----MUST COMPLETE DOCTORAL DEGREE AND SPECIFIC COURSES |
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Term
| LICENSURE IN _____ WHICH IS PROVIDED BY _____ |
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Definition
| PSYCHOLOGY----STATE GOVERNMENT----NO credentialing for "licenses sport psychologist" |
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Term
| Is there a registry of sport psychologists? |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 theoretical bases of goal setting |
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Definition
motivational and cognitive explanations
directly influence motivation through 3 procces; affects psychological states |
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Term
| 3 processes of motivational explanation of goal setting |
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Definition
| directing attention, increase effort, increase persistence |
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Term
| 3 thinigs effective goals should be |
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Definition
long term and short term
specific
challenging yet realistic |
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Term
| outcome vs. performance goal |
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Definition
cognitive explanation of goal setting
out-win or lose and performance is task-related |
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Term
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Definition
| combines results of many studies |
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Term
| 10 characteristics of a well-designed goal setting program |
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Definition
| specific---challenging yet realistic--long term and short term---goals for practice and specifics skills to achieve in competition--write down and review--performance goals and NOT outcome goals--individual and team goals--social support--evaluate periodically |
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Term
| 4 categories of arousal research |
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Definition
| biofeedback techniques--relaxation strategies---cognitive-behavioral interventions--mental preparation routines |
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Term
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Definition
| sensory; consciously aware of process w/ some control; does NOT invovle stimulus |
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Term
| theoretical bases for imagery processing |
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Definition
| psychonueromuscular---symbolic learning theory--information processing theory---triple code |
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Term
| - Psycho neuromuscular Theory: |
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Definition
When imagining a particular movement pattern, the brain sends out signals to the muscles that are duplicates of the signals used to actually produce the movement (although smaller magnitude)
o Muscles are activated to slight degree when imagining particular movement
o No clear if this low level of neuromuscular activation improves performance |
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Term
| - Symbolic Learning Theory: imagery |
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Definition
functions primarily at a cognitive level, allowing the performer to mentally rehearse the symbolic elements of a task
o Little information regarding how imagery affects cognitive processing |
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Term
| - Information Processing Theory: |
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Definition
theories from cognitive and clinical psychology may be useful for examining the effectiveness of imagery as a performance enhancement tool
o Psychophysiological information processing: image is an organized set of proposition contained in the brain; propositions contain 2 statements
Stimulus propositions – describe content of imagined scenario
Response propositions – describe the imager’s response to the scenario |
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Term
| 2 proposotions in information processing theory |
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Definition
Stimulus propositions – describe content of imagined scenario
Response propositions – describe the imager’s response to the scenario |
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Term
| - Triple-Code Theory: 3 major components to imagery |
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Definition
o Image itself (stimulus)
o Somatic response of imager:
o Meaning of the image to imager: interpretation according to own experiences and personalities |
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Term
| factors that mediate effectiveness of imagery |
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Definition
imagery ability (vividness and clarity)
and imagery perspectice (external vs internal) |
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Term
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Definition
| to learn/enhance performance to master a particular skill/movement |
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Term
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Definition
| to cope or problem solve (good for conditiongs you cant control-weather) |
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Term
| What are the 3 basic assumptios of cognitive interventsION? |
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Definition
| --belief systems (cognitive schema) determine how we interpret environment---schema can be alters---alterations lead to behavior changes |
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Term
| 10 common categories of distortion |
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Definition
burns
all or nothing--overgeneralization--mental filter--discount positive--jump to conclusions--magnify or minimization--emotoinal reasoning--should statement--labeling--personalization and balme |
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