Term
| What is unique about the flagella of spirochetes? |
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Definition
| Internal- covered by outer membrane |
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Term
| What is the best (old school) way to visualize spirochetes? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Treponema pallidum pertenue |
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Term
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Definition
| Treponema pallidum endemicum |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What virulence factors does syphilis have, and what causes tissue destruction? |
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Definition
| Syphilis has no virulence factors; host immune response causes tissue damage |
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Term
| What characterizes the first phase of syphilis? (Primary Syphilis) |
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Definition
| Papule that erodes to a painless chancre, endarteritis- ulcer heals on its own after 2 months |
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Term
| What characterizes the secondary stage of syphilis? |
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Definition
| 4-10 weeks after appearance of chancre- disseminated disease; full body COPPER-COLORED RASH; flu-like symptoms; patchy ALOPECIA "moth eaten"; condylomata; NICKEL AND DIME RASH ON PALMS; FLAT SHINY AREAS ON TONGUE |
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Term
| What characterizes Tertiary Syphilis? |
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Definition
| 3 weeks to 3 months after secondary infection- organ and tissue involvement: cardiovascular, neurosyphilis, heart failure, endocarditis |
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Term
| What is destroyed in neurosyphilis? |
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Definition
Brain parenchyma- causing dementia
Dorsal roots of spinal cord- tabes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are manifestations of cardiovascular syphilis? |
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Definition
Thoracic aortic aneurysm;
Aortic endocarditis |
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Term
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Definition
| A destructive granulomatous lesion |
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Term
| What are principal symptoms of early congenital syphilis? |
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Definition
| Snuffles, osteochondritis of long bones, stillbirth, cutaneous lesions |
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Term
| What are the symptoms of late congenital syphilis? |
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Definition
| Interstitial keratitis, cutaneous gummas, deafness, HUTCHINSON TEETH, RASPBERRY MOLARS, SABER SHINS, SADDLE NOSE |
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Term
| Name 2 nontreponemal tests for syphilis: |
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Definition
Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test (VDRL);
Rapid Plasma Reagin test (RPR) |
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Term
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Definition
| T. Pallidum endemicum- spread by contaminated eating utensils; causes oral lesions, gummas of skin, bones and nasopharynx- seen in YOUNG KIDS |
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Term
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Definition
| T. pertenue- found in S America, Africa, Asia- granulomatous disease with skin and destructive lesions, gummas |
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Term
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Definition
| T. carateum- Central and S America- small pruritic papules- HYPOPIGMENTED LESIONS resulting in scarring and disfigurement |
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Term
| What causes Lyme Disease and what is it's vector? |
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Definition
| Borrelia Burgdorferi; black-legged tick (deer tick) |
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Term
| What is the reservoir for Lyme Disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 stages of Lyme Disease ? |
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Definition
| Localized, disseminated, persistent |
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Term
| Describe Stage 1 Lyme Disease: |
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Definition
| BULLSEYE RASH!!! flu-like symptoms; 3-30 days after bite- 1/3 of patients go on to develop further symptoms |
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Term
| Describe Stage 2 Lyme Disease: |
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Definition
| Up to 6 months after bite: Intermittent Arthritis; severe malaise/myalgia; fatigue |
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Term
| Describe Stage 3 Lyme Disease: |
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Definition
| Years after bite: Prolonged arthritis; chronic encephalitis; myelitis; fibromyalgia; skin involvement |
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Term
| What is the CDC recommendation for Lyme Disease diagnosis? |
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Definition
| Ab titer followed by immunoblot |
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Term
| What causes relapsing fever and what are it's two vectors? |
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Definition
| Borrelia Recurrentis; HUMAN BODY LOUSE or TICKS |
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Term
| What type of tick transmits TBRF and what is it's habitat? (Hint: there is a buzzword) |
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Definition
Soft Ticks- habitat is caves, rotting wood, places infested with mice-
Look for a HISTORY OF STAYING IN RUSTIC CABINS |
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Term
| What are the symptoms of TBRF? |
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Definition
Tick Born Relapsing Fever- 7 day incubation- fluctuating fever/chills, then sweats and flu-like symptoms-
Each progressive attack gets weaker
This is caused by ANTIGENIC VARIATION |
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Term
| What causes Leptospirosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 3 important buzzwords that are clues to Leptospirosis? |
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Definition
| Hawaii, Swimming, RODENT PEE |
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Term
| What are the symptoms of Leptospirosis? |
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Definition
1-2 week incubation-
first phase= flu-like illness
second phase= headache, myalgia, chills, CONJUNCTIVAL SUFFUSION |
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Term
| Which spirochete causes conjunctival suffusion? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Weil Disease and which spirochete can cause it? |
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Definition
| Self-resolving hepatitis; can be caused by Leptospirosis |
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Term
| How is leptospirosis diagnosed? |
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Definition
| Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) |
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