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Spinal Trauma- CH 25
Mosby's Paramedic Textbook 3ED-R
71
Health Care
Undergraduate 1
03/09/2012

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Cards

Term
What are the 3 different types of MOI's for spinal trauma?

Definition
positive, negative, uncertain

Term
What type of MOI classification would be a fall greater that 3 times a patients height?
Definition
positive
Term
What would be an example of a negative MOI for a SCI?
Definition
isolated soft tissue injury
Term
how many bones are in the spinal column?
Definition
33
Term
What parts of the spinal column are fused
Definition
sacral and coccyx
Term
Ligaments of the spine provide support for what types of movements?
Definition
flexion and extention
Term
Where do the spinal roots pass out of the vertebral column?

Definition
foramen
Term
The first vertebra is also called?
Definition
atlas
Term
The second vertebra is also called
Definition
the atlas
Term
At what point in the spine does the head rotate 180 degrees?
Definition
C2
Term
what is the normal degree of flexion for the head?
Definition
60 degree
Term
What is the normal degree of extension for the head?
Definition
70 degrees
Term
What is axial loading?

Definition
vertical compression of the vertebra
Term
Where is an axial loading injury most commonly found?
Definition
T12 - L2
Term
What is another term for cervial vertebra dislocation?
Definition
subluxation
Term
subluxation
Definition
a partial dislocation
Term
What kind of injury would be a distraction injury?
Definition
hangings
Term
What is a transection?
Definition
a complete or incomplete lesion to the spinal cord
Term
Sprains are an injury to what?
Definition
ligaments
Term
strains are an injury to what?
Definition
tendons
Term
A fall and a fracture of both heels is associated with what type of spinal fracture?
Definition
lumbar
Term
SCIWORA
Definition
spinal cord injury without radiological abnormality
Term
What group of patients is commonly associated with sciwora?
Definition
Children
Term
What is the most common hyperextension strain
Definition
whiplash
Term
What is the most commonly injured spinal regions?
Definition
C5-C7, C1-C2, T12-L2
Term
What type of fractures are hyperflexion injuries
Definition
wedge shape fx
Term
where do wedge shape fx most commonly occur
Definition
t12 and L1
Term
What are the most unstable injuries of the spine
Definition
teardrop fx with dislocation
Term
What type of spinal fx is associated with neuro damage
Definition
teardrop
Term
What is a primary injury
Definition
Its the actual primary cause of an injury
Term
What is a secondary injury
Definition
injury related to the effects of the primary injury i.e swelling, bone fragments ect.
Term
A cord lesions with the absence of pain pressure or sensation
Definition
complete
Term
cord lesions also are known as
Definition
transection -complete or incomplete
Term
Syndrome resulting in paralysis of the arms and preservation of sensory or voluntary motor function of the perineum, buttocks, scrotum or anus
Definition
Central cord syndrome
Term
Syndrome of which you have a hemitransection of the spinal cord. pt presents with weakness of the upper and lower extremities on the same side and loss of sensation of the opposite side
Definition
Brown-Sequard syndrome
Term
What drug is the only routinely used for patients with SCI
Definition
Methylprednisolone
Term
A synthetic sterioid that reduces post traumatic spinal cord edema and inflamation
Definition
Methylprednisolone
Term
When would you see a patient not being able to relfex
Definition
profound coma
Term
What is babinski sign
Definition
It is a reflex of the foot of which the great toe bends upward  and the smaller toes flair.
Term
Up to what age can you use babinskis sign on and expect a normal reponse
Definition
up to 2 y/o
Term
A positive bambiski sign might signifiy what in adult patients
Definition
spinal cord lesion
Term
What percent of patients a SCI present with a normal response to motor sensory and reflex exams
Definition
50%
Term
What is another name for a short spine board
Definition
KED board
Term
What is the best way to ensure spinal immobilization
Definition
manaual traction
Term
What do you need to remember when long boarding peds patients
Definition
pad the voids
Term
Generally what type of helmet must be removed early in the assessment process
Definition
full face helemets
Term
Type of hypotension that is caused by a sympathic tone of the vessels
Definition
Neurogenic hypotension (neurogenic shock)
Term
A temp loss of all types of spinal cord function distal to the injur
Definition
spinal shock
Term
when does spinal shock normally resolve itself
Definition
24
Term
what are s&s of spinal shock
Definition
flaccid, hypotension, loss of bowl and bladder control, priapism, and loss of thermo regulation
Term
What is the treatment of spinal shock
Definition
trendelenburg postion and crystalloids solution
Term
another term for neurogenic hypotension
Definition
neurogenic shock
Term
what results from the blockade of the vasoregulatory fibers, and motor/senosory fibers
Definition
neurogenic shock
Term
What are s&S of neurgenic shock
Definition
slight hypotension (80-100 mm Hg systolic) warm dry and pink skin and reletave bradycardia
Term
This syndrome is often caused by distnded bladder or rectum
Definition
Autonomic hyperreflexia syndrome
Term
What is common s&s of anutonomic hyperreflexia syndrome
Definition
HTN up to 300 mm Hg, pounding headache, blurred vission, sweating, bradycardia (30-40 ppm) distended bladder or rectum
Term
This syndrome is often relieved by emptying of the bladder or bowel
Definition
Autonomic hyperreflexia syndrome
Term
What % of the US pop. experiences lower back pain
Definition
60-90%
Term
The term for pain in the lumbar nerve with neruo motor sensory deficits in the thigh and leg
Definition
Sciatica
Term
Low back pn occurs in these typical vertebra?
Definition
L3-L5 and S1
Term
Degeerative disk disease occurs typically at what age
Definition
50 and older
Term
This is a structural defect of the spine and involves the lamina or vertbral arch
Definition
Spondylosis (stress fx are common)
Term
This refers to a tear in the posterior rim of the capsule that encloses the gelatious center of the disk
Definition
herniated intervertebral disk
Term
Herniated disk is frequently caused by
Definition
improper lifiting
Term
How do spinal cord tumors develop
Definition
cord compression, degenerative changes in the bones and joints or interuption of blood to the cord
Term
The finger like proces of the second vertebra around whch the first cervical vertebra rotates is the
Definition
odontoid
Term
Cerebrospinal fluid circulates throug which meningeal layer
Definition
subarachnoid space
Term
The first spinous proces that you can palpate just above the sholders is
Definition
C-7
Term
THe phrenic nerve is comprised of peripheral nerve roots
Definition
C3-C5
Term
Patient present with loss of motor function and sensation to pain, light touch, and temperature below T1 while retaining positional and vibration sense, he has most likely sustaned a
Definition
anterior cord syndrome
Term
What type of nervous stimulation causes priapism
Definition
Parasympathetic stimulation
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