Term
the vertebral column consists of 33 vertebrae |
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Definition
7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 4 fused coccygeal |
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Term
Vertebrae separated by disks which serve as shock absorbers for the vertebral column |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
anulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus |
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Term
: ring of tissue; encircles nucleus pulposus |
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Definition
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: saclike structure with a gelatinous filling that has a high-water content and acts as a shock absorber |
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Definition
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Definition
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spinal cord is surrounded by 3 proctective meningeal layers which are |
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Definition
dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater |
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Term
Middle layer: spaces containing CSF |
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Definition
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Innermost layer: directly covers the spinal cord |
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Definition
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Term
trauma in which the skin and meningeal covering that surround the spinal cord remain intact |
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Definition
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Term
damage to the protective skin and meninges |
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Definition
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Term
complete spinal cord injury occurs when the cord has been |
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Definition
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Term
incomplete spinal cord injury results from |
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Definition
partial cutting of the cord |
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Term
common causes of closed injuries include |
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Definition
compression, flexion, hyperextension, rotation and blunt trauma |
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Term
the higher the level of injury the more encompassing of the |
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Definition
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Term
high cervical spine injuries, loss of motor and sensory function in all four extremities |
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Definition
quadripleiga or tetraplegia |
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Term
injuries at or below _ may cause paralysis of the lower part of the body (paraplegia) |
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Definition
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Term
injuries at or above the level of _ may result in instant death because the nerves that control _ are interrupted |
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Definition
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Term
the diaphragm is innervated by the _ nerve which is formed by the nerve roots of _ |
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Definition
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Term
cervical injuries below the level fo _ spare the diaphragm but can involve impairment of _ |
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Definition
c4, intercostal and abdominal muscles |
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Term
injuries at or above the level of C5 are called |
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Definition
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Term
many patients with high cervical injuries _ before reaching the hospital |
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Definition
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Term
An immediate, transient response to injury in which reflex activity BELOW the level of the injury temporarily ceases (flaccid state |
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Definition
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Term
spinal shock may appear as early as _ after the injury and may persist for _ |
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Definition
30-60 min, days, weeks or months |
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Term
resolution of spinal shock is marked by |
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Definition
involuntary movement of the extremity |
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Term
injections are administered _ the level of paralysis |
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Definition
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Term
one of the most serious and potentially dangerous problems for the spinal cord–injured patient (an emergent situation, thus an accurate hx must be obtained) |
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Definition
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Term
Exaggerated response of autonomic nervous system to noxious (painful) stimuli |
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Definition
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Term
in autonomic dysreflexia the _ is stimulated but an appropriat _ response cannot be elicited because of thespinal cord injury that separates the two divisions of the _ |
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Definition
sympathetic nervous system, parasympathetic mudlation, autonomic nervous system |
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Term
autonomic dysreflexias involves injury at or above the levelof |
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Definition
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Term
In an attempt to reduce BP, regulatory mechanisms cause blood vessels to dilate but only ABOVE the level of the injury causing the following s/sx: |
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Definition
Superficial vasodilation, flushing and profuse sweating ABOVE the level of injury occurs Increased BP also stimulates the vagus nerve causing bradycardia Vessels are constricted BELOW the injury causing cold skin and “goose flesh |
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Term
autonomic dyreflexias signs and Sx |
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Definition
Sudden HTN Pounding HA Anxiety Flushed Face Diaphoresis Nasal Congestion Bradycardia Increased spasticity Blurred vision Nausea Erection of body hair Vasoconstriction BELOW LESION- Cold skin and “goose flesh” Vasodialation ABOVE LEISION-Warm moist skin |
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Term
autonomic dysreflexia involves excessive stimulation of sensory receptros _ the level of the injury preciptates |
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Definition
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Term
stimuli that triggers autonomic dysreflexia |
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Definition
Distended bladder Constipation Renal calculi Ejaculation Uterine contractions Pressure sores Skin rash Enemas Even sudden position changes |
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Term
common causes of closed injuries include |
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Definition
compression, flexion, hyperextension, rotation, and blunt trauma |
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Term
muscle tone is evelauated by assessing the amount of resistance to |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
after _ years after autonomic dyreflexia there is a gradual reduction in spastic episodes |
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Definition
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Term
meds used to decrease spasms |
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Definition
valium, lioresal, dantrium |
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Term
During spinal shock, all bladder and bowel function |
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Definition
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Term
Once spinal shock resolves, reflex activity |
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Definition
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Term
nursing care for impaired bladder function r/t autonomic dysreflexia |
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Definition
Bladder retraining programs Meticulous cath care Increase oral intake (limit dairy- urinary calculi) Admin Mandelamine a antiseptic for UTI Vitamin C decrease urine pH |
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Term
catheter is remvoed as soon as |
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Definition
the pt fluid status is stabilized |
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Term
first day or two after SCI may require insertionof NG tube for |
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Definition
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Term
Pirstaliss usually returns by _ post injury day |
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Definition
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Term
nursing care for pt with impaired temp regulation |
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Definition
Maintain environment temp to avoid chilling or overheating (room 70o) Prevent hypothermia (provide adequate clothing and blankets) Change wet clothes immediately Prevent hyperthermia (avoid outdoors when very hot – use water spray bottle and fan) |
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Term
spinal levels that control sexual function |
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Definition
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Term
women with SCI can have sexual intercourse but lack _ sensation |
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Definition
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Term
when a pt is in the wheel chair they should be repositioned every |
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Definition
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Term
The three major medical goals for spinal injury patients: |
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Definition
Save the patient’s life Prevent further injury to the cord Preserve as much cord function as possible |
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Term
preferred method of opening the airway for SCI pt |
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Definition
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Term
Secured just above the ears; doesn’t actually penetrate skull |
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Definition
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Term
Applied directly to the skull just behind the hairline |
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Definition
Crutchfield tongs (less commonly used) |
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Term
Immobilizes and aligns cervical vertebrae; placed when surgery is done to internally stabilize fractures and relieve the compression of nerve roots |
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Definition
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Term
continually rotates the patient from side to side (prevents pulmonary complications by mobilizing secretions) |
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Definition
kinectic bed (roto rest bed) |
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Term
: flotation devices placed on standard hospital beds |
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Definition
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Term
Air-fluidized and flotation beds may be used _ the spine has been stabilized |
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Definition
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Term
: canvas and metal frame bed that may be used to help turn the patient |
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Definition
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Term
Types of cushions include those inflated with |
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Definition
air, flotation devices, and gel pads |
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Term
air fluidized and flotation are never used whne a patient is in _ because of the potential damage that could occur if the bed should unexpectedly deflate |
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Definition
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Term
types of cushions used for chairs |
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Definition
ROHO cushion, bye bye decubiti, jay cushion, AKRO cusion anD varilite CUSION |
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Term
ways methylprednisolone helps with SCI |
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Definition
Reduces the damage to the cellular membrane Optimal administered time is within the first 8 hours of injury Completely paralyzed patients often regain about 20% of function Partially paralyzed have regained up to 75% of function |
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Term
Involves removing all or part of the posterior arch of the vertebra for the sake of preserving cord funciton |
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Definition
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