Term
| How many pairs of vertebra are there? How many of them do nerves come out of? |
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Definition
| 31. Nerves come out of all of them. |
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Term
| What are the 3 meninges of the spinal cord and in what space is the CSF located? |
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Definition
Dura mater, arachnoid, pia.
CSF is in the subarachnoid space |
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Term
| How does the dura mater of the spinal cord differ from that of the brain? |
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Definition
| There is only 1 layer of dura mater in the spinal cord. There are 2 layers of it in the brain. |
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Term
| What ligament runs the length of the spinal cord providing stability through which axons run into and out of its dorsal and ventral roots? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two enlargements of the spinal cord, what do they signify and what type of movement do they relate to? |
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Definition
1. Cervical (upper) and sacral (lower) enlargements
2. They represent areas with more cellular bodies
3. They are related to upper and lower extremity movement |
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Term
| What is the Conus Medullaris and where is it located? |
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Definition
1. A cone like tip that the spinal cord terminates at
2. Between L1 and L2 |
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Term
| What is the cauda equina? |
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Definition
| The nerve roots that exit the vertebral column below the conus medullaris. Looks like a horse's tail. |
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Term
| If you need to sample CSF, where do you do it? |
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Definition
| In the vertebral column below the conus medullaris. You remove the risk of damaging the spinal cord in these vertebra |
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Term
| What is the filum terminale? |
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Definition
| An extension of the pia mater right off the tip of the conus medullaris that extends down to the sacral where it attaches. |
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Term
| Where is gray matter located in relation to white matter in the spinal cord? |
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Definition
| White matter surrounds gray matter on the periphery while gray matter sits in the middle |
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Term
| What are the 3 subdivisions of the gray matter in the spinal cord and what type of information does each carry? |
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Definition
1. Dorsal horn - Sensory fibers
2. Ventral horn - motor fibers
3. Lateral horn - autonomic motor neurons |
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Term
| What are the 3 subdivisions of the white matter in the spinal column, are they ascending or descending, and what type of information do they carry? |
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Definition
1. Dorsal column - ascending axons that deal with proprioception (touch and position)
2. Lateral column - descending axons that are involved in motor control
3. Ventral column - ascending axons that deal with pain and temperature |
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Term
| Through what space do the dorsal and ventral roots exit the vertebra? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the large area of the dorsal root prior to forming the spinal nerve called and why is it large? |
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Definition
1. Spinal ganglion (dorsal root ganglion)
2. It is an area of high cell body concentration |
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Term
| The dorsal and ventral roots combine to form the what when they leave the vertebra? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two rami does the spinal nerve branch into almost immediately, what type of information do they carry, and where do they extend to?? |
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Definition
1. White ramus and gray ramus
2. Information from the sympathetic nervous system
3. They extend to the sympathetic trunk |
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Term
| What is the main difference between rami vs. roots? |
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Definition
| Rami carry mixed sensory and motor signals, whereas roots are not mixed and only carry one type of signal |
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Term
| What 3 arteries run up and down the spinal cord carrying blood for oxygenation? |
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Definition
| Anterior spinal artery, and 2 posterior spinal arteries |
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Term
| What two types of arteries circle around the spinal cord as branches off of the spinal arteries supplying nutrients? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the role of the veins in the spinal cord and name one major difference between them and the arteries? |
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Definition
1. They drain the tissues of the spinal cord and then converge into vessels that parallel the arteries
2. There is only 1 posterior spinal vein while there are 2 posterior spinal arteries |
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