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Speech Unit 1-6
SPEEEECHHHH
27
Communication
Undergraduate 1
09/10/2012

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Term
Types of Noise
Definition
1.) Physical (temperature, fly, people) ; 2.) Physiological (fatigue, worries, headache...internally based biological distractions) ; 3.) Psychological (distracting thoughts) ; 4.) Semantic (big vocab words, words w/ different meanings, etc...)
Term
Environment- Chapter 1
Definition
internal, psychological process
Term
Dynamics & Characteristics of small groups
Definition
Increased risk-taking, creativity, peer pressure, leadership, and coalitions
Term
reflected appraisal
Definition
the influence of others on one's self concept
Term
3 stages of perception
Definition
1.) Selection (what will you pay attention to?) ; 2.) Organization (the process of logically arranging the selected information (what will you prioritize?) ; 3.) Interpretation (assign meaning to the selected and organized date...mood, past experience, etc...)
SOI
Term
3 parts of perception checking
Definition
1.Description - provide a description of the behavior you noticed.
2.Interpretation - provide two possible interpretations of the behavior.
3.Clarification - request clarification from the person about the behavior & your interpretations
Term
empathy
Definition
the ability to project oneself into another person's POV, so as to experience the other's thoughts and feelings.
Term
4 rules of language
Definition
1.) Phonological (governs how sounds are combined to form words...route v route) ; 2.) Syntactic (governs the structure of a language) ; 3.) Pragmatic (governs situation and meaning...boss v friend saying 'i want to see you'-context) ; 4.) Semantic (governs the meaning of words)
Term
equivocal words
Definition
words that have more than one dictionary meaning
Term
relative words
Definition
words that gain their meaning by comparison
Term
"fact-opinion confusion" v "fact-interference confusion"
Definition
Fact: Can be verified as true or false ; Opinion: based on the speaker's beliefs (can't be proved or disproved) ; Inference: Conclusions arrived at from an interpretation of evidence
Term
euphemism
Definition
a pleasant-sounding term used in place of a more direct but less pleasant one
Term
faulty listening behaviors
Definition
1.) Pseudo listening ; 2.) Selective Listening ; 3.) Defensice Listening ; 4.) Ambushing (listening super closely...pharisees!) ; 5.) Insulated (pays attn. except when you bring up an issue they don't want to deal with) ; 6.) Insensitive (listens to JUST the words and ignores the nonverbal messages) ; 7.) Stage Hoggins (person never listens bc they're always talking)
Term
goal of emphathic listening
Definition
listening to other person by putting oneself in the psychological position of that other person ; listening with the goal of helping ; understand and feel someone else's experience
Term
pseudo-listening
Definition
Fake listening; the APPEARANCE of listening (eye contact, head nodding, etc...) but not there pyschologically
Term
reasons/causes for poor listening
Definition
1.) Lack of effort (staying focused) ; 2.) Message overload (shut down psychologically) ; 3.) Rapid Thought (wandering thoughts) ; 4.) Noise (Physical, Physiological, Psychological, Semantic)
Term
paraphrasing
Definition
Feedback in which the receiver rewords the speaker's thoughts and feelings. Can be used to verify understanding, demonstrate empathy, and help others solve their problems.
Term
prompting
Definition
brief silences or brief statements of encouragement to draw other out.
Term
proxemics
Definition
Distance! Zones: Intimate (0-18") ; Personal (18"-4') ; Social (4'-12') ; Public (12'+)
Term
haptics
Definition
The study of touch
Term
mixed messages
Definition
a contradiction between verbal messages and nonverbal messages.
Term
manipulators
Definition
fidgeting behaviors that often display stress or discomforth (tapping foot, rubbing neck, playing with hair, etc...)
Term
disfluencies
Definition
distracting vocal fillers (ummm, uhhh, errr)
Term
chronemics
Definition
study of time
Term
characteristics of nonverbal communication (6)
Definition
1.) vague and ambiguous ; 2.) unconscious and accidental ; 3.) context ; 4.) culture ; 5.) continuous ; 6.) multiple channels
Term
SA: EVALUATE THE SPEAKER'S CREDIBILITY
Definition
1.) Is the speaker competent? Do they have experience/expertise to qualify as an expert on this subject?
2.) Is the speaker impartial?Knowledge alone isn't enough to certify a speaker's ideas as acceptable. People who have a personal stake in the outcome of a topic are more likely to be biased. This doesn't mean that you disregard any comments you hear from an involved part--only that you should consider the possibility of intentional or unintentional bias.
Term
SA: EXAMINE THE SPEAKER'S EVIDENCE AND REASONING
Definition
1.) Is the evidence recent enough? Old evidence is often worthless. an "award-winning" restaraunt may be barely edible today, etc... Before you accept even the most credible evidence, be sure it isn't obselete.
2.) Is enough evidence presented? One or two pieces of support may be exceptions and not conclusive evidence. "I never wear a seat belt because one time when my friend got in a crash he was thrown out the window far from the wreckage of the car and was safe" even though it's clearly safer in most cases to wear a seat belt.
3.) Is the evidence from a reliable source? Even a large amount of recent evidence may be worthless if the source is weak. Friend (a health food fanatic) v an impartial physician, nutritionist, or toxologist (better)
4.) Can the evidence be interpreted in more than one way? A piece of evidence that supports one claim might also support others. (correlation v causation)
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