Term
| what is a code or system of symbols used to express concepts formed through exposure and experience? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the production of language? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the scientific study of the sound system and patterns used to create the sounds and words of a language? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the smallest units of sound that can affect meaning? |
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Definition
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Term
| are are variations of phonemes that do not change word meanings and listeners do not perceive them as different from one another? |
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Definition
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Term
| what refers to the abstract system of sounds? |
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Definition
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Term
| what refers to the concrete productions of specific sounds? |
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Definition
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Term
| what refers generically to any sound that can be produced by the vocal tract? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the study of speech sounds? |
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Definition
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Term
| what examines the relationship between articulation and the acoustic signal of speech? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the study of hearing, perception and the brains processing of speech? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the study of speech sound production? |
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Definition
| articulatory/physiological phonetics |
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Term
| what is the study of the practical application of research in articulatory, perceptual, acoustic and experimental phonetics? |
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Definition
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Term
| what involves the use of objective laboratory techniques to scientifically analyze speech sounds? |
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Definition
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Term
| what refers to the study and explanation of the unique sound properties of various dialects and languages? |
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Definition
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Term
| what four things does a speaker need to produce sounds intelligibly? |
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Definition
| respiration, phonation, articulation and resonation |
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Term
| what is the smallest phonetic unit? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the nucleus of a word? |
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Definition
| vowel or dipthong in the middle of the syllable |
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Term
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Definition
| consonant at the end of the syllable |
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Term
| what forms the nucleus of a syllable? the release and arrest of the syllables? |
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Definition
nucleus: vowels
release/arrest: consonants |
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Term
| what is the distinctive feature approach? |
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Definition
| a unique characteristic of a phoneme that distinguishes one phoneme from another |
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Term
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Definition
| sounds that are identical in every way except for voicing |
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Term
| what are the four vowel position characteristics? |
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Definition
| lip position (rounded or unrounded), tense/lax, tongue height and tongue forwardness/retraction |
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Term
| how are dipthongs produced? |
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Definition
| slow gliding movements from one vowel (the onglide) to the adjacent vowel (the offglide) |
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Term
| what types of dipthongs cannot be reduced to pure vowels without changing the word meaning? which can? |
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Definition
cannot: phonemic dipthongs
can: nonphonemic dipthongs |
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Term
| in what three ways can sounds influence each other? |
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Definition
| adaptations, assimilation and coarticulation |
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Term
| what are sound adaptations? |
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Definition
| variation in the way articulators move -- extent to which vocal tract configurations change shape |
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Term
| what is sound assimilation? |
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Definition
| speech sounds are modified due to the influence of adjacent sounds -- modifications are so extensive that there are perceptible changes in sounds |
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Term
| what are sound coarticulations? |
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Definition
the influence of one phoneme on another in production -- two different articulators moving simultaneously to produce two different speech sounds
*** creates both adaptation AND assimilation |
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Term
| what are suprasegmentals/prosody? what does it add to speech? |
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Definition
| rate, pitch, volume, juncture, stress and length |
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Term
long vowels = ______ consonants
short vowels = _________ consonants |
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Definition
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Term
| stressed syllables contain ____ stress. Unstressed syllables contain _____ stress. |
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Definition
stressed: primary stress
unstressed: secondary/weak stress |
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Term
| what is the perception of the frequency at which the VFs vibrate? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is determined by mass, tension and elasticity of VFs? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is a perception of a speaker's intensity of speech? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what marks the special distinctions or grammatical divisions in speech (this can affect the meaning of an utterance) |
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Definition
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