Term
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Definition
The process of determining the direction of an incoming sound.
Includes:
-Alzimuth estimation
-Elevation estimation |
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Definition
| The process of determining the direction on the horizontal plane. |
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Definition
| The process of determining the direction on the vertical plane (sounds from above and below). |
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Definition
| The process of determining how far we are from a sound source. |
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Term
| Monaural Localization Cues |
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Definition
-Localization cues created by reflection and refraction of sound by the folds, cavities, and ridges of each outer ear
-Primary cues for elevation estimation |
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Definition
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Term
| Binaural Localization Cues |
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Definition
-Localization cues created by differences in sounds arriving at the right ear and left ear
-Primary cues for azimuth estimation
-Created by intraural differences in the intensity and arrival time of sounds between ears. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Interaural Intensity Difference |
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Definition
-Intensity differences between the ears.
-i.e. Sound arriving from the left side will be louder in the left ear. |
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Term
| Interaural Time Difference |
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Definition
| Timing differences between ears |
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| Interaural Phase Difference |
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Definition
-Another term for Interaural Time Difference
-i.e. Sound arriving from the left will be earlier in the left ear. |
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Term
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Definition
-Ear wax
-Provides a lubricating protective layer for the skin |
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Term
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Definition
| The air-filled cavity in the middle ear |
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Term
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Definition
Looks at middle ear through tympanic membrane
Helps you see:
-Manubrium of the malleus
-Umbo
-Lecticular process of the incus (L-shaped bend)
-Cone of light (light reflection) |
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Term
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Definition
| A device that changes energy from one form to another |
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Term
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Definition
-A transducer that changes acoustic sound waves into mechanical vibrations to deliver energy to the inner ear
-Without the middle ear, 99.9% of the sound energy arriving at the tympanic membrane would be reflected back.
-The middle ear pressure transformer has three mechanisms:
The area ratio pressure transformer
The ossicular lever
The catenary lever (buckling effect) |
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Term
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Definition
-Because the length of the malleus is greater than the length of the incus, an anatomic lever is created.
-This means that the pressure at the incus is about 1.15 times (about 1.2 dB) greater than the pressure at the malleus. |
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Term
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Definition
-Because the umbo is displaced less than the rest of the tympanic membrane, an anatomic level is created.
-This means that the pressure at the umbo is about two times (6 dB) greater than the pressure across the entire membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
-The most effective of the middle ear mechanisms is the area ratio pressure transformer.
-This results from the difference in the surface areas of the tympanic membrane and oval window.
-Tympanic membrane pressure = Force/Area
-Oval window pressure = Force/Area |
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Term
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Definition
-The stapes muscle contracts in response to loud sounds.
-This increases the impedance of the middle ear. |
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Term
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Definition
| The specific characteristics of received sounds that are used to determine the direction of incoming sound. |
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Term
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Definition
| The procedure that pushes air into the middle ear cavity via the eustachian tube; the procedure involves closing the mouth, pinching the nose, and blowing, which forces the eustachian tube to open and admit air. |
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